Table 1 Phytochemical characteristics of 17 Cree plant species
Latin Name of Plant Species | Cree Name | Common Name | Plant Part | Major Constituents with Antidiabetic Potential | Other identified Phytochemicals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. | Inaast | Balsam fir | Inner bark | Dehydroabietic acid | Limonene, Camphene, Trans-Zeatin, Dehydrojuvabione, Juvabione, (+)-Isojuvabiol, Abienol |
2. Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen | Atuuspiih | Speckled alder | Inner bark | Oregonin | Taraxerol, Taraxerone |
3. Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. | Piyeumanaan | Creeping snowberry | Leaves | Not determined | P-Coumaric acid, Myricetrin, Taxifolin glycoside, Rutin, Quercetin-3-galactoside, Quercetin-3-glucoside, Catechol |
4. Juniperus communis L. | Kaakaachuminatuk | Ground Juniper | Berries | Not determined | Afzelechin, Sciadopitysin, Longifolene, Scutellarein 6-xyloside, Bilobetin, 6-Hydroxyluteolin 6-xyloside, Quercetin 3-O-L-rhamnoside, Epiafzelechin, Junionone, Junipercomnoside A, Junipercomnoside B, (+)-Isocupressic acid, Communic acid, (+)-Junenol, (+)-Sugiol, Elliotinol, 1-(1,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) ethanone, Geijerone, Junicedral |
5. Kalmia angustifolia L. | Uischichipukw | Sheep laurel | Leaves | Not determined | Asebotin, Procyanidin A2, Quercetin glycoside, Myricetin |
6. Larix laricina Du Roi (K. Koch) | Waatinaakan | Tamarack | Inner bark | Awashishinic acid, 13-epitorulosol, Rhapontigenin, Reaponticin | Laricitrin 3-glucoside, Syringetin 3-glucoside |
7. Lycopodium clavatum L. | Pastinaakwaakin | Common clubmoss | Whole plant | Not determined | 8-beta-Hydroxylycopodine, Alpha-Obscurine, O-Acetylfawcettiine, Beta-Dihydrolycopodine, Beta-Lofoline, Lycodoline |
8. Picea glauca (Moench) Voss | Minhiikw | White spruce | Needles | Not determined | Astringin, Isorhapontigenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Piceatannol, Isorhapontigenin |
9. Picea mariana (P. Mill.) BSP | Iinaatikw | Black spruce | Cones | Not determined | Astringin, Isorhapontigenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Piceatannol, Isorhapontigenin |
10. Pinus banksiana Lamb. | Uschisk | Jack pine | Cones | Not determined | Pinobanksin, Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, Pinosylvin, Pinosylvin methyl ether, Quercetin 3,3′-diglucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6″-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, Helichrysoside, Peonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Petunidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Oenin, 13-Epimanoyl oxide, Torulosol |
11. Populus balsamifera L. | Mash-mitush | Balsam poplar | Inner bark | Salicortin A and B | Acetophenone, (+)-alpha-Bisabolol, 2′,4′,6′-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalcone, 2′,4′,6′-Trihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone |
12. Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron and Judd | Kaachepukw | Labrador tea | Leaves | Catechin and epicatechin | Taxifolin, Procyanidin A, Dihydroquercetin, (2R,3R)-3,5,7,3′,4′,5’-Hexahydroxyflavanone, Pyrocatechuic acid, Grayanotoxin I, Procyanidin B2 |
13. Rhododendron tomentosum (Stokes) Harmaja subsp.  subarcticum (Harmaja) G. Wallace | Wiisichipukw | Northern Labrador tea | Leaves | Not determined | Taxifolin, Procyanidin A, Dihydroquercetin, (2R,3R)-3,5,7,3′,4′,5’-Hexahydroxyflavanone, Pyrocatechuic acid, Grayanotoxin I, Taxifolin glycoside |
14. Salix planifolia Pursh | Piyeuwaatikw | Tealeaf willow | Inner bark | Not determined | Amentoflavone, Picein, Myrtillin, Catechin-(2′- > 2′)-taxifolin, Catechin-(4alpha- > 6)-epicatechin-(4beta- > 8)-epicatechin, Epicatechin-(4beta- > 6)-epicatechin-(4beta- > 8)-catechin, |
15. Sarracenia purpurea L. | Ayikataas | Pitcher plant | Whole plant | Isorhamnetin-3-O –glucoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(6″-caffeoylglucoside), Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Moroniside | Histamine |
16. Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid. | Maskumanaatikw | Showy mountain ash | Inner bark | 23,28-dihydroxy-lup- 12-ene-3β -caffeate | Aucuparin |
17. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | Wiishichimanaanh | Mountain cranberry | Berries | Quercetin, Quercetin-3-O -glucoside, Quercetin-3-O –galactoside | Arbutin, Procyanidin A1, (+)-Catechin |