Fig. 4

Cleaved caspase 9 activity. Cleaved caspase 9 activity test was performed 18 h after the treatment with respective plant extracts. a-d Representative pictures of flow cytometry. Ordinate indicates cell count whereas abscissa represents fluorescence signal strength. From left to right, 1st peak indicates procaspase 9 and 2nd peak represents cleaved caspase 9 activity. e Histogram of percent cleaved caspase 9 positive cells. The percent cleaved caspase 9 activity was calculated as the area of 2nd peak/total area × 100. Results were expressed as means ± SEM for 3 separate experiments. * (P < 0.05), **(P < 0.01), *** (P < 0.001) and **** (P < 0.0001) denotes other treatments significantly different from 700 mOsm/L hypertonic stress treatment, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. ## (P < 0.01), ### (P < 0.001) and #### (P < 0.0001) denotes treatment groups significantly different from isotonic EMEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test