Fig. 1

Renal protective potential of 17 antidiabetic medicinal plant extracts. AnnV/PI labeling was performed 18 h after plant extract treatment to assess viability and early stage apoptosis. a-c Representative pictures of flow cytometry. PI⁺ Quadrants Q1 and Q2 respectively represent necrosis and late stage apoptosis/secondary necrosis; AnnV⁻/PI⁻ Quadrant Q4 represents viable cells; AnnV⁺/PI⁻ Quadrant Q3 represents early stage apoptosis; (d) Histogram of change in AnnV⁻/PI⁻ signal (viable cells). Data are presented relative to 700 mOsm/L hypertonic stress to show the improvement in cell viability observed in control (isotonic EMEM), vehicle (0.1% DMSO in isotonic EMEM), positive control (Z-VAD-FMK in hypertonic EMEM) and plant extract treated (in hypertonic EMEM) cells; (e) Histogram of change in AnnV⁺/PI⁻ signal (apoptotic cells). Data are presented relative to 700 mOsm/L hypertonic stress to show the reduction in apoptotic cells observed in control (isotonic EMEM), vehicle (0.1% DMSO in isotonic EMEM), positive control (Z-VAD-FMK in hypertonic EMEM) and plant extract treated (in hypertonic EMEM) cells; Results (d and e) were expressed as means ± SEM for 3 separate experiments. * (P < 0.05), **(P < 0.01), *** (P < 0.001) and **** (P < 0.0001) denotes other treatments significantly different from 700 mOsm/L hypertonic stress treatment, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. ## (P < 0.01), ### (P < 0.001) and #### (P < 0.0001) denotes other treatments significantly different from isotonic EMEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test