Fig. 2

Phoyunnanin E suppresses anchorage-independent growth of H460 cells: H460 cells were treated with non-toxic doses of phoyunnanin E (0–10 μM) for 48 h. The treated cells were subjected to anchorage-independent growth assays for two weeks (a). The colony number as a percentage and the size of the treated cell were analyzed, and compared with the control (b). Phoyunnanin E decreased H460 cell migration: Cells were exposed to phoyunnanin E at the concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM, and migrations at 24 and 48 h were investigated. The migrating cells were captured (c). The relative cell migration was determined by comparing with the control (d). Effect of phoyunnanin E on filopodia formation: After treatment with non-toxic concentrations of phoyunnanin E for 48 h, cells were stained with phalloidin-rhodamine and examined using fluorescent microscopy. Filopodia characteristics are indicated by arrowheads (e). Relative number of filopodia per cell in H460 cells treated with phoyunnanin E, compared with the control (f). Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.05 versus non-treated control