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Table 5 Concentrations of various inflammatory and cartilage metabolism protein markers in the synovial fluid of patients treated with Pycnogenol® compared to controls

From: Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study

Target

Pycnogenol® group (n)

Control group (n)

P-value

MMP-1

11.61 ± 8.61 ng/mL (9)

14.04 ± 6.93 ng/mL (12)

0.47

MMP-3

7.06 ± 2.46 ng/mL (12)

7.10 ± 2.72 ng/mL (13)

0.96

MMP-13

0.23 ± 0.13 ng/mL (13)

0.27 ± 0.18 ng/mL (14)

0.51

CTX-II

236.76 ± 168.08 pg/mL (12)

428.90 ± 511.83 pg/mL (14)

0.23

Helix-II

0.90 ± 0.68 nmol/L (12)

1.23 ± 1.19 nmol/L (15)

0.57

sGAG

356.89 ± 61.89 μg/mL (12)

390.32 ± 53.81 μg/mL (15)

0.19

ADAMTS-4

32.50 ± 33.26 ng/mL (9)

22.55 ± 19.69 ng/mL (12)

0.42

ADAMTS-5

12.58 ± 10.83 ng/mL (12)

7.08 ± 4.28 ng/mL (15)

0.12