Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study

Table 4 Relative gene expressions of cartilage homeostasis markers in chondrocytes of patients treated with Pycnogenol® compared to controls

Target gene	Exclusion	Relative expression [95% CI]	P-value
MMP1	none	0.234 [0.005; 10.058]	0.15
MMP3	none	0.442 [0.087; 1.977]	0.07*
MMP3	#119	0.367 [0.026; 3.552]	0.02**
MMP3	#130	0.394 [0.025; 13.198]	0.04**
MMP3	#119, #130	0.315 [0.023; 3.001]	0.01**
MMP13	none	0.265 [0.018; 3.460]	0.06*
MMP13	#130	0.292 [0.003; 8.698]	0.05*
IL1B	none	0.376 [0.059; 2.423]	0.08*
IL1B	#130	0.359 [0.013; 7.112]	<0.05**
ADAMTS5	none	1.030 [0.305; 3.793]	0.94
CTSK	none	0.622 [0.143; 2.991]	0.25

Further calculations were done without patients #119 as a statistically confirmed outlier regarding MMP3 expression and #130 who showed less than 80% adherence to the study medication
*tendency to down-regulation
**statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05)

ISSN: 2662-7671