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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study

Fig. 4

Changes of ADAMTS-5 protein concentrations in serum of the study participants from V1 to V2 in the Pycnogenol® group (n = 15) in relation to controls (n = 15). For each patient the ADAMTS-5 concentration after three weeks of intervention (V2) was subtracted by the concentration before the intervention (V1). Each dot represents a single patient. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02), which was even more pronounced after exclusion of one outlier in the control group (p = 0.001)

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