Fig. 3
Effect of the Taraxacum officinale (TO) methanol extract on LPS-induced VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression. HUVECs were pretreated with TO extract (100 μg/ml) for 1 h and then incubated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h. a Total cell lysate was prepared, the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, and the VCAM-1 levels were assessed by western blot analysis. b The mRNA levels were normalized to that of a housekeeping gene (18S rRNA) as well as the vehicle-only-treated control, and the 2-ΔΔCt for each mRNA is reported. Results shown are the mean ± SE of 3 independent experiments. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs LPS only treatment