RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Satish, P.V.V.; Sunita, K.

doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1958-y

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 5 Cytotoxocity against THP-1 cell line of different crude extracts from Pongamia pinnata

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Antimalarial efficacy of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Plant Part	Extract	Percentage of Inhibition (M ± SD, P-value)					IC₅₀μg/mL	SI
Plant Part	Extract	12.5 μg/mL	25 μg/mL	50 μg/mL	100 μg/mL	200 μg/mL	IC₅₀μg/mL	SI
Leaf	ME	4.79 ± 0.38 0.0011	7.82 ± 2.12 0.012	10.03 ± 1.14 0.0028	17.72 ± 2.08 0.0027	23.38 ± 3.65 0.0054	>200	>8.33
	CH	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	4.12 ± 2.12 0.07 ^NS	3.45 ± 2.32 0.2 ^NS	ND	ND
	HE	4.77 ± 1.49 0.017	2.25 ± 0.36 0.0049	8.30 ± 0.83 0.0017	7.70 ± 0.57 0.0014	5.56 ± 0.69 0.017	>200	ND
	EA	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	10.36 ± 0.79 0.0010	20.38 ± 5.04 0.011	31.46 ± 0.97 0.0002	>200	>2.84
	AQ	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	4.01 ± 2.15 0.045	10.80 ± 2.53 0.0092	18.33 ± 0.98 0.0006	25.55 ± 1.50 0.0008	>200	>2.17
Bark	ME	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	4.71 ± 1.05 0.0087	13.05 ± 1.00 0.0010	19.64 ± 1.40 0.0010	29.61 ± 2.42 0.0014	>200	>17.13
	CH	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	4.25 ± 0.07 0.0000	7.74 ± 1.86 0.013	17.47 ± 2.08 0.0036	>200	00
	HE	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	2.25 ± 0.24 0.0023	4.69 ± 2.58 0.047	2.59 ± 0.93 0.066^NS	5.06 ± 2.16 0.14 ^NS	ND	ND
	EA	1.33 ± 0.22 0.0062	4.70 ± 0.84 0.0056	11.43 ± 2.75 0.0096	20.67 ± 2.21 0.0022	39.81 ± 3.33 0.0014	>200	>4.28
	AQ	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	1.30 ± 0.30 0.35 ^NS	2.42 ± 1.02 0.84 ^NS	ND	ND
Flower	ME	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	7.38 ± 2.22 0.015	15.36 ± 2.90 0.0060	22.31 ± 2.19 0.0018	34.58 ± 1.43 0.0004	>200	>6.25
	CH	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	1.30 ± 0.07 0.29 ^NS	2.34 ± 1.10 0.85 ^NS	ND	ND
	HE	2.62 ± 0.72 0.014	7.60 ± 1.46 0.0063	18.59 ± 0.78 0.0003	24.54 ± 3.77 0.0043	33.10 ± 2.82 0.0015	>200	00
	EA	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	1.60 ± 0.44 0.99 ^NS	ND	ND
	AQ	8.25 ± 0.29 0.0002	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	7.58 ± 1.41 0.0059	5.56 ± 0.81 0.0063	6.54 ± 1.44 0.06 ^NS	ND	ND
Root	ME	8.66 ± 1.93 0.0084	14.40 ± 1.22 0.0012	20.57 ± 0.86 0.0003	23.10 ± 3.64 0.0046	29.65 ± 2.88 0.0020	>200	7.79
	CH	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	2.18 ± 0.58 0.013	11.35 ± 2.47 0.0079	17.80 ± 2.10 0.0027	23.10 ± 2.06 0.0015	>200	ND
	HE	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	2.64 ± 0.49 0.92 ^NS	ND	ND
	EA	4.28 ± 1.24 0.014	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	7.51 ± 2.14 0.014	3.42 ± 0.64 0.016	10.87 ± 0.89 0.0024	ND	ND
	AQ	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	0.00 ± 0.00 NS	12.56 ± 4.38 0.020	18.73 ± 2.06 0.0023	28.79 ± 3.43 0.0030	>200	>2.27
DMSO (Negative control)	–	0.40 ± 0.00	0.54 ± 0.11	0.60 ± 0.05	1.21 ± 0.42	1.56 ± 0.21	–	–
Ellipticine (Positive control)	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.59 ± 0.25	–

Values are represented as mean of 3 replicates ± standard deviation at 95% confidence interval with upper and lower limits and P - value is significant at <0.05 and <0.001, NS- not significant, ME- methanol, CH- chloroform, HE- hexane, EA- ethyl acetate, AQ- aqueous, SI- selective index (SI = IC₅₀ THP-1 cell line/IC₅₀ P. f 3D7 strain), ND- Not determinate, DMSO- Dimethyl sulphoxide

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