Blood pressure-lowering effect of Shinrin-yoku (Forest bathing): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Results of the meta-analysis of the change in SBP (mmHg) in the two subgroup analyses of SBP levels of 1) ≥ 130 and 2) < 130 mmHg before the intervention

Study or Subgroup	Sinrin-yoku Total	Control Total	Weight (%)	Mean Difference IV, Fixed	95% CI
1) SBP ≥ 130 mmHg
Tsunetsugu et al., 2007–2 [20]	8	*	13.1	−10.00	−18.35 - -1.65
Tsunetsugu et al., 2007–1 [20, 40]	11	*	4.8	1.10	−12.64 - 14.84
Kondo et al., 2011b [28, 29]	8	*	33.3	−4.00	−9.23 - 1.23
Li et al., 2011 [10]	16	*	8.5	−3.00	−13.33 - 7.33
Sung et al., 2012 [25]	28	28	15.1	−8.70	−16.48 - -0.92
Mao et al., 2012 [25]	12	12	7.1	−11.50	−22.87 - -0.13
Kondo et al., 2014–1 [16]	7	*	7.5	−10.40	−21.43 - 0.63
Kondo et al., 2014–2 [16]	6	*	10.7	−5.50	−14.73 - 3.73
2) SBP < 130 mmHg
Ogushi et al., 2000 [18]	37	20	3.1	−5.00	−14.58 - 4.58
Takayanagi & Hagihara, 2005 [19]	12	12	1.7	−6.10	−19.02 - 6.82
Furuhashi et al., 2007 [22]	12	*	23.4	−3.90	−7.37 - -0.43
Tsunetsugu et al., 2007–1 [20, 40]	9	*	9.8	−2.50	−7.87 - 2.87
Tsunetsugu et al., 2007–2 [20]	11	*	9.5	−6.20	−11.65 - -0.75
Kozaki et al., 2007–1 [21]	11	*	3.0	−1.00	−10.62 - 8.62
Kozaki et al., 2007–2 [21]	11	*	3.6	−1.30	−7.60 - 10.20
Kondo et al., 2011a [27, 29]	8	*	8.8	−4.00	−9.66 - 1.66
Lee et al., 2011 [24]	48	*	33.0	−3.00	−5.92 - -0.08
Lee & Lee, 2014 [11]	43	19	4.3	−12.25	−20.36 - -4.14
Total	202	51**	100.0	−3.85	−5.53 - -2.17

ISSN: 2662-7671