Author/ year of publication | Study methods (5 points) | Sampling (2 points) | Participant characteristics (3 points) | TM use (6 points) | Total points awarded (Max = 16) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recall bias (2 pts) (2Â =Â low risk if data collection was prospective; 1Â =Â some risk if data collection is retrospective within previous 12Â months; 0Â =Â high risk) | Piloted questionnaire or interview schedule (1Â pt) | Address potential source of bias (1Â pt) | Adjust for potential confounders (1Â pt) | Response rate (1Â pt) | Representative sampling (1Â pt) | Specific diagnosis (1Â pt) | Indicator of socioeconomic status (0.5Â pt) | Age (0.5Â pt) | Ethnicity (0.5Â pt) | Gender (0.5Â pt) | TM definition (2 pts) | Use of TM modalities assessed (1Â pt) | Frequency/duration of TM use (1Â pt) | Reasons for TM use (2 pts) | ||
Banda et al., 2007 [26] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (31.3%) |
Bayisa et al., 2014 [27] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 (37.5%) |
Duru et al., 2016 [28] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 (43.8%) |
Elkhoudri et al., 2016 [29] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6.5 (40.6%) |
Fakeye et al.,2009 [30] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 1a | 1 | 0 | 2 | 9.5 (59.4.6%) |
Kaadaaga et al., 2014 [31] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 9 (56.3%) |
Lalego et al., 2016 [32] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 (34.4%) |
Mabina et al., 1997 [33] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4.5 (28.1%) |
Mbura et al., 1985 [42] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7.5 (46.9%) |
Mothupi and Carol 2014 [7] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 1a | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 (34.4%) |
Mugomeri et al., 2015 [34] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7.5 (46.9%) |
Mureye et al., 2012 [35] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1a | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 (50%) |
Nergard et al., 2015 [36] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6.5 (40.6%) |
Nyeko et al., 2016 [37] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6.5 (40.6%) |
Orief et al., 2014 [38] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5.5 (34.4%) |
Rasch et al., 2014 [39] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4.5 (28.1%) |
Sarmiento et al., 2016 [40] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (25%) |
Tamuno et al., 2011 [41] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 (34.4%) |