Fig. 2
a, Effects of SNME on NCI/ADR-RES cell proliferation. Cells were treated with 7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 μg/ml of methanolic extract for 12, 24 and 48 h. Control cells were maintained in the vehicle for the indicated time periods. The percentage inhibition increases as the concentration of SNME increases and the IC50 value obtained was 125 μg/ml at 24 h. Results are represented as mean ± SEM of three assays. b, Effects of SNME on NCI/ADR-RES cell viability. Cells were treated with 7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 μg/ml of methanolic extract for 12, 24 and 48 h. Control cells were maintained in the vehicle for the indicated time periods. Results are represented as mean ± SEM of three assays. c, Effects of Adriamycin and Adriamycin–SNME combination treatment on NCI/ADR-RES cell proliferation. Cells were treated with increasing concentration of Adriamycin (1 nM-10,000 nM) with SNME ranging from 7.8125-62.5 μg/ml of methanolic extract for 48 h. Control cells were maintained in the vehicle for the indicated time periods. There was a synergistic action making the NCI/ADR RES cell lines sensitive to Adriamycin treatment in combination with SNME. Results are represented as mean ± SEM of three assays. d, Isobologram analysis of NCI/ADR RES cell lines in combination treatment with Adriamycin and SNME. Data calculated from surviving fractions following 48 h drug incubation. The diagonal line represents the isoeffect line of additivity. Each point is the mean determined from experiments performed in triplicate. Combination index (CI) values calculated using Compusyn software is represented by points above (indicate antagonism between drugs) or below the lines (indicate synergy)