Skip to main content

Table 4 Relative quantitative (mM) of significant discriminating metabolites of serum using Chenomx NMR Suite at week8 of treatment

From: Biochemical characterization and 1H NMR based metabolomics revealed Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf extract a potent anti-diabetic agent in rats

Metabolites

Chemical shifts

VIP value

Changes in

HDG

DG

NG

MG

LDG

HDG

Glucose

5.22

3.89

1.75

1.63

DOWN

386.2 ± 11.8a

150.4 ± 13.6d

175.8 ± 4.3c

260.5 ± 9.7b

171.3 ± 2.8cd

Pyruvate

3.37

1.34

-

0.91 ± 0.15b

1.77 ± 0.17a

1.50 ± 0.16ab

1.15 ± 0.13ab

1.46 ± 0.06ab

Lactate

1.32

0.90

UP

18.55 ± 6.45c

51.21 ± 2.63a

44.72 ± 5.33a

25.76 ± 3.24bc

30.07 ± 1.61b

Formate

8.44

0.47

UP

0.27 ± 0.02d

0.79 ± 0.13a

0.54 ± 0.05bc

0.35 ± 0.03cd

0.61 ± 0.05ab

2-oxoglutarate

2.42

2.26

UP

0.98 ± 0.06c

3.96 ± 1.27a

2.63 ± 0.14ab

1.67 ± 0.13bc

2.78 ± 0.15ab

Succinate

2.40

2.54

UP

0.62 ± 0.10b

1.48 ± 0.35a

1.21 ± 0.14a

0.97 ± 0.23ab

1.19 ± 0.06a

Acetate

1.91

0.61

-

1.13 ± 0.05a

1.56 ± 0.10a

1.27 ± 0.15a

1.16 ± 0.14a

1.32 ± 0.12a

Acetoacetate

3.42

3.40

DOWN

51.47 ± 5.0a

27.56 ± 1.02b

29.24 ± 4.49b

42.0 ± 5.11a

25.98 ± 1.65b

3-HB

1.2

5.50

DOWN

43.55 ± 6.76a

6.53 ± 0.68b

11.03 ± 0.83b

14.49 ± 1.19b

7.87 ± 0. 53b

Choline

3.52

2.34

DOWN

40.30 ± 2.71a

18.96 ± 1.22 c

24.90 ± 0.35bc

30.92 ± 4.09b

19.66 ± 1.55c

allantoin

5.38

0.98

-

0.91 ± 0.05b

1.54 ± 0.16a

1.18 ± 0.13ab

0.99 ± 0.15ab

1.15 ± 0.10ab

Creatine

3.91

1.43

DOWN

12.90 ± 2.20a

9.34 ± 0.59b

11.55 ± 1.20ab

12.67 ± 0.30a

8.71 ± 0.84b

glutamine

3.77

2.12

-

33.54 ± 6.23a

32.067 ± 1.71a

27.60 ± 3.09a

33.86 ± 1.52a

28.30 ± 1.70a

Leucine

0.95

0.87

UP

0.84 ± 0.07b

1.45 ± 0.17a

1.41 ± 0.07a

0.87 ± 0.05b

1.38 ± 0.09 a

isoleucine

1.0

0.57

UP

1.35 ± 0.13b

2.50 ± 0.25a

2.32 ± 0.18a

1.43 ± 0.20b

2.26 ± 0.16a

hippurate

3.95

0.63

UP

2.36 ± 0.06c

8.57 ± 0.54a

4.54 ± 0.36b

3.12 ± 0.41c

4.90 ± 0.26b

  1. Significance difference (p < 0.05) between the different groups is shown by different letters