Table 1 Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics at baseline
From: Rhythm-centred music making in community living elderly: a randomized pilot study
Variable | Total (NÂ =Â 31) | Group A (NÂ =Â 16) | Group B (NÂ =Â 15) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 74.65 ± 6.40 | 74.38 ± 6.84 | 74.93 ± 6.11 | 0.813 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.742 |
 Female | 29 (94%) | 15 (94%) | 14 (93%) |  |
Ethnic group | ||||
 Chinese | 31 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 15 (100%) |  |
Highest Education Level | Â | Â | Â | 0.550 |
 Primary | 21 (68%) | 10 (62%) | 11 (73%) |  |
 Secondary | 5 (16%) | 4 (25%) | 1 (7%) |  |
 Tertiary | 5 (16%) | 2 (13%) | 3 (20%) |  |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | 0.674 |
 Single | 3 (10%) | 2 (13%) | 1 (6%) |  |
 Married | 16 (52%) | 5 (31%) | 7 (47%) |  |
 Others | 12 (38%) | 9 (56%) | 7 (47%) |  |
Housing Type | Â | Â | Â | 0.484 |
 Private | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) |  |
 HDB | 30 (97%) | 16 (100%) | 14 (93%) |  |
Number of bedrooms | Â | Â | Â | 0.084 |
 2 rooms or less | 9 (29%) | 2 (13%) | 7 (47%) |  |
 3 rooms | 16 (52%) | 11 (69%) | 5 (33%) |  |
 4 rooms or more | 6 (19%) | 3 (18%) | 3 (20%) |  |
Number of children | Â | Â | Â | 0.664 |
 0 children | 4 (13%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (13%) |  |
 1 child | 6 (19%) | 2 (13%) | 4 (27%) |  |
 2 children | 8 (26%) | 4 (25%) | 4 (27%) |  |
 3 or more children | 13 (42%) | 8 (29%) | 5 (33%) |  |
Number of people stay in the same house | Â | Â | Â | 0.774 |
 0 | 9 (29%) | 4 (25%) | 5 (33%) |  |
 1 | 8 (26%) | 3 (19%) | 5 (33%) |  |
 2 | 9 (29%) | 5 (31%) | 4 (27%) |  |
 3 or more | 5 (16%) | 4 (25%) | 1 (7%) |  |
Attendance at social activities | Â | Â | Â | 0.654 |
 At least once a week | 26 (84%) | 14 (88%) | 12 (80%) |  |
 Less than once a week | 5 (16%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (20%) |  |
Physical activities | Â | Â | Â | 1.000 |
 At least once a week | 28 (90%) | 14 (88%) | 14 (93%) |  |
 Less than once a week | 3 (10%) | 2 (12%) | 1 (7%) |  |
ADL | Â | Â | Â | 0.654 |
 Independent | 26 (84%) | 14 (88%) | 12 (80%) |  |
 Require assistance | 5 (16%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (20%) |  |
Number of co-morbidities | Â | Â | Â | 1.000 |
 0–2 | 8 (26%) | 5 (31%) | 3 (20%) |  |
 3–4 | 17 (55%) | 8 (50%) | 9 (60%) |  |
 5 or more | 6 (19%) | 3 (19%) | 3 (20%) |  |