Table 1 Selected Sudanese medicinal plant species used in traditional medicine
No | Botanical names | Family | Vernacular name | Part used | Traditional uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand | Apocynaceae | Ushar | Leaves | Fever, joint pains, muscular spasm, constipation, against scorpion bites, jaundice [45], healing thorn injuries [46], anti-rheumatic [47, 48]. |
2 | Arestolochia bracteolate Lam. | Aristochiaceae | Um- Galagel | Whole plant | |
3 | Xanthium brasilicum Vell. | Asteraceae | Ramtouk | Leaves | |
4 | Vernonia amygdalina Delile | Gharib elwadi | Leaves | Fever, gastro-intestinal disease “GID” [53]. | |
5 | Adanosonia digitata L. | Bombacaceae | Tabaldi | Fruit pulp | The fruits are used as a cold beverage, added to yoghurt for treatment of diarrhea and amoebic dysentery [54]. |
6 | Terminalia laxiflora Engl. | Combretaceae | Darut | Wood | |
7 | Terminalia brownii Fresen | Sobagh, Shaff | Wood, bark | ||
8 | Combretum hartmannianum (Schweinf) | Habil | Wood, bark | ||
9 | Ambrosia maritima L. | Compositae | Damsisa | Aerial part | The herbs are used in treatment of urinary tract infections and elimination of kidney stones, whereas the leaves are used as anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive [57]. |
10 | Euphorbia hirta L. | Euphorbiaceae | Um libina | Aerial part | Decoction of plant is use in asthma and bronchitis [58]. |
11 | Ricinus communis L. | Khirwe | Leaves | The leaves are used as a poultice in treatment of abscesses [59, 60]. | |
12 | Acacia seyal var. fistula (Schweinf.) | Leguminosae | Sfar abide | Wood, bark | Fumigation, rheumatic pain [61]. |
13 | Acacia seyal var. seyal Del. | Talih | Wood, bark | Anti-rheumatic, mouth detergent [62]. | |
14 | Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne | Seyyal | Wood, bark | Treat skin infection, allergic dermatomes [63]. | |
15 | Cassia acutifolia Delile | Senna makka | Leaves | ||
16 | Parkinsonia aculeata L. | Sesaban | Leaves | Antipyretic, anti- diabetics [63]. | |
17 | Senna italica Mill. | Sin elkalb | Leaves | Intestinal complications, haemomorphoids, circulatory system problems, calculi in the urinary system, sexually transmitted diseases [65]. | |
18 | Khaya senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss | Meliaceae | Mahogany | Bark | Anti-malarial, against hepatic inflammation, sinusitis, skin diseases, GID, trachoma [48]. |
19 | Polygonum glabrum Willd | Polygonaceae | Altomsahia | Leaves | Anthelminthic, antimalarial [66]. |
20 | Argemone mexicana L. | Papaveraceae | Argemone | Leaves, seed | Venereal diseases [52]. |
21 | Solanum dubium Fresen | Solanaceae | Gibben | Fruits | The whole plant and fruits are pulped and applied to wounds and skin tumors as a dressing [67]. |
22 | Salvadora persica L. | Salvadoraceae | Alarak | Leaves, stem | |
23 | Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.)Bunge | Tamaricaceae | Tarft al nil | Stem | Febrile, colds [69]. |
24 | Tribulus terrestri L. | Zygophyllaceae | Derresia | Aerial part | Demulcent, renal nephritis [47]. |