A comparative study on the effects of systemic manual acupuncture, periauricular electroacupuncture, and digital electroacupuncture to treat tinnitus: A randomized, paralleled, open-labeled exploratory trial

Table 1 Patient demographics

Characteristics	MA (n = 12)	PE (n = 14)	DE (n = 13)	p-value
Sex (male: female)	6:6	12:2	10:3	0.132
Exposure to noise	2 (16.6%)	1 (7.1%)	3 (23%)	0.561
Sleeping disorder	2 (16.6%)	3 (21.4%)	5 (38.5%)	0.431
Tinnitus side (R:L:B)	1:2:9	3:3:8	2:2:9	0.422
Age (y)	49.33 ± 15.57	54.57 ± 14.27	53.92 ± 13.21	0.613
Duration (y)	7.13 ± 7.85	9.56 ± 11.55	5.67 ± 6.40	0.529
PTA	27.80 ± 23.08	24.77 ± 21.75	16.31 ± 11.94	0.141
SD	84.00 ± 28.98	88.91 ± 12.82	91.27 ± 7.57	0.432

MA systemic manual acupuncture group, PE periauricular electroacupuncture group, DE distal electroacupuncture group, PTA pure tone average, SD speech discrimination. Discrete variables are expressed numbers (%) and analyzed with the chi-square test. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant

ISSN: 2662-7671