Fig. 2

Cell cycle distributions of HepG2 cells with sinularin treatments. a Cell cycle analysis of sinularin-treated cells. HepG2 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of sinularin for 24 h, or (b) treated with 50 μM of sinularin for 6, 12, and 24 h. Cell cycle distributions were determined by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry analysis. Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. c Analysis of sinularin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells at indicated concentrations for 24 h. Phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA integrity were determined by FITC-annexin-V and PI, respectively. The lower-right quadrant (annexin-V⁺/PI⁻) represents early apoptosis, while the upper-right quadrant (annexin V⁺/PI⁺) indicates late apoptosis and necrosis. The means ± SD of the experimental triplicates are presented in the bar graph at the bottom. All data presented are representatives of three independent experiments with similar results. Significant differences from DMSO treated control group are indicated by **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001