Fig. 2

Effects of Sophorae Flos extract (SFE) on osteoclast differentiation. Bone marrow macrophages were cultured with various concentrations of SFE and treated with RANKL (100 μg/ml) and M-CSF (50 μg/ml) for 4 days. a Osteoclasts stained for tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP). b TRAP⁺ multinuclear cells (MNCs) with more than three nuclei were considered to be mature osteoclasts. c Total TRAP activity from TRAP⁺ mono-, di-, and multinuclear cells was quantified as described in methods. Data from three independent experiments are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ^# P < 0.01 versus control (0 μg/ml SFE)