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Fig. 2 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 2

From: ViscumTT induces apoptosis and alters IAP expression in osteosarcoma in vitro and has synergistic action when combined with different chemotherapeutic drugs

Fig. 2

ViscumTT induces apoptosis synergistically and leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm). The means ± SD of apoptotic cells are shown (a). Mistletoe lectin (ML) and oleanolic acid (OA) concentrations were used as a measure of viscum and TT. (p ≤ 0.05, n ≥ 3, *Fp > 1 = synergism). Apoptosis was confirmed by proteolytic processing of CASP3 and cleavage of PARP (b). β-actin was used as loading control. The means ± SD of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) (c) and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP was used as positive control (p ≤ 0.05, n ≥ 3, *Fp > 1 = synergism) are shown. Cytochrome c (d) release confirmed mitochondrial pathway activation. β-actin served as loading control

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