Fig. 3

The effects of STF extracts and its active compounds on ROS formation was assessed by DCFDA-flow cytometry. IL-1β significantly enhanced ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner in IL-1β-treated NHDFs (a). The pretreatment of STF extracts (b), GA (c) and PP (d) can attenuate IL-1β-induced intracellular ROS levels whereas, treatment with each compound alone (b-d) and vehicle reagents (ETOH 80%) (e) didn’t affect ROS generation. DCFDA intensity data were presented as Mean ± SD at least three experiments. The statistical significant between control and IL-1β-treated cells was evaluated by Unpaired t-test and between IL-1β-treated and test compound–treated cells was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 compared with control. ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 and ^### P < 0.001 compared with IL-1β-treated cells