Fig. 3

Effects of GJT on PGE₂ production and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cells were pretreated with GJT (0, 62.5, or 125 μg/mL) for 4 h and then treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 20 h. a Supernatants were collected and subjected to ELISAs for PGE₂. b Total RNA was isolated from the cell pellets and subjected to RT-PCR for detecting COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression. Levels of COX-1 and COX-2 were adjusted by β-actin expression. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. ^## P < 0.01 vs vehicle control cells, and ^** P < 0.01 vs LPS-treated cells. c; untreated control