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Table 3 Results shoulder ROM b-8 and 8b-12

From: The effects of yoga on shoulder and spinal actions for women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema of the arm: A randomised controlled pilot study

Within group changes b-8

Between group changes b-8

Within group changes 8b-12

Between group changes 8b-12

VariableGp (n)

Week 0

m ± SD

Week 8

m ± SD

P (0–8)

∆int-∆con 0–8

Md; (95 % CI)

P (0–8)

VariableGp (n)

Week 8b

m ± SD

Week 12

m ± SD

P (8b)

∆int-∆con 8b-12

Md; (95 % CI)

P (8b-12)

Abduction affected

 Con(11)

91.82 ± 19.46

105.00 ± 14.01

0.008

−5.43;(−18.95 to 8.08)

0.431

Con(10)

104.40 ± 14.62

108.30 ± 16.49

0.344

−4.90; (−16.64 to 6.84)

0.413

 Int(12)

88.17 ± 16.45

95.92 ± 15.70

0.104

Int(9)

92.56 ± 16.48

91.56 ± 10.25

0.818

Abduction non-affected

 Con(10)

100.00 ± 18.45

110.70 ± 14.36

0.052

−14.70;(−29.30 to −0.10)

0.049

Con(9)

109.44 ± 14.64

114.22 ± 12.37

0.305

−3.00; (−15.92 to 9.92)

0.649

 Int(12)

101.58 ± 17.75

97.58 ± 16.19

0.426

Int(9)

93.00 ± 16.17

94.78 ± 8.03

0.703

Flexion affected

 

 Con(11)

101.82 ± 17.31

121.18 ± 16.89

0.001

−7.45;(−19.45 to 4.65)

0.228

Con(10)

119.80 ± 17.14

122.50 ± 16.96

0.530

−1.37; (13.61 to 10.87)

0.827

 Int(12)

103.75 ± 12.47

115.67 ± 12.49

0.005

Int(9)

112.22 ± 12.62

113.56 ± 13.87

0.769

Flexion non-affected

 Con(10)

106.10 ± 13.80

126.60 ± 13.37

0.001

−19.00;(−33.65 to −4.36)

0.011

Con(9)

125.33 ± 13.53

126.44 ± 16.68

0.847

4.89; (−11.12 to 20.89)

0.549

 Int(12)

110.08 ± 10.23

111.58 ± 15.66

0.766

Int(9)

106.89 ± 15.26

112.89 ± 15.50

0.299

Internal rotation affected

 

 Con(11)

47.18 ± 20.24

52.82 ± 18.76

0.526a

6.86;(7.20 to 20.92)

0.448a

Con(10)

52.70 ± 19.77

57.00 ± 19.43

0.056

−10.97;(−17.37 to −4.56)

0.001

 Int(12)

45.83 ± 14.53

58.33 ± 11.51

0.050a

Int(9)

58.78 ± 11.44

52.11 ± 13.08

0.005

Internal rotation non-affected

 

 Con(10)

47.40 ± 10.43

59.30 ± 13.12

0.031

−6.15;(−20.80 to 8.52)

0.411

Con(9)

59.22 ± 13.91

55.11 ± 15.07

0.316

1.67; (−9.71 to 13.04)

0.774

 Int(12)

53.00 ± 17.49

58.75 ± 14.72

0.255

Int(9)

59.00 ± 15.98

56.56 ± 11.78

0.551

Extension affected

 Con(11)

38.36 ± 9.29

48.27 ± 8.92

0.030

−0.41;(−9.41 to 8.59)

0.929

Con(10)

48.20 ± 9.40

51.60 ± 7.81

0.147

−5.96; (−12.64 to 0.73)

0.081

 Int(12)

35.42 ± 11.45

44.92 ± 11.65

0.003

Int(9)

42.33 ± 12.21

39.78 ± 10.65

0.302

Extension non-affected

 Con(10)

39.50 ± 9.25

48.30 ± 4.45

0.005a

3.03;(−6.12 to 12.18)

0.768a

Con(9)

47.89 ± 4.51

51.78 ± 7.26

0.120

−6.33; (−13.27 to 0.60)

0.073

 Int (12)

37.42 ± 12.10

49.25 ± 11.69

0.021a

Int(9)

48.89 ± 13.37

46.44 ± 11.22

0.328

External rotation affected

 Con(11)

65.54 ± 11.89

71.00 ± 6.29

0.041a

−2.20;(−12.34 to 7.95)

0.360a

Con(10)

70.30 ± 6.17

72.50 ± 6.65

0.282

−4.20; (−10.02 to 1.62)

0.157

 Int(12)

63.33 ± 20.28

66.50 ± 11.12

0.945a

Int(9)

64.56 ± 12.20

62.56 ± 9.83

0.353

External rotation non-affected

 Con(10)

70.50 ± 14.30

71.60 ± 14.20

0.702

−2.35;(−9.98 to 5.28)

0.546

Con(9)

70.89 ± 14.87

72.44 ± 13.69

0.353

0.89; (−3.76 to 5.53)

0.708

 Int(12)

69.08 ± 12.32

67.83 ± 12.10

0.634

Int(9)

63.67 ± 10.28

66.11 ± 11.25

0.145

  1. ∆ = change, Gp Group, M ± SD Mean ± Standard Deviation, MD Mean Difference, CI Confidence Interval, n number, Con control group, Int intervention group
  2. a non-parametric analysis