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Table 2 Participants baseline and medical characteristics of the groups

From: The effects of yoga on shoulder and spinal actions for women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema of the arm: A randomised controlled pilot study

Characteristic

Intervention (n = 12)

Control (n = 11)

P valuea

Age (years; Mean ± SD)

55.1 ± 2.5

60.5 ± 3.6

0.230

Range

36–65

34–80

 

Number nodes removed (Mean ± SD)

14.3 ± 2.6

11.2 ± 2.7

0.429

Range

5–30

2–25

 

How long lymphoedema (years; Mean ± SD)

4.9 ± 1.6

5.5 ± 1.9

0.900

Range

6 months–20 years

1 month–23 years

 

How long post-surgery (years; Mean ± SD)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.9 ± 0.7

0.822

Range

1 month–5 years

1 month–8 years

 
 

n %

n %

P valueb

Occupation

 Home, retired

5 (42)

8 (73)

0.280

 Employed

7 (58)

3 (27)

 

Fitness (self-scored)

 Low

2 (17)

1 (9)

 

 Medium

8 (67)

8 (73)

0.913

 High

2 (17)

2 (18)

 

Most significant exercise

 Walking

8 (67)

8 (73)

0.890

 Gardening

7 (58)

7 (64)

0.867

 Gym - organised exercise

1 (8)

8 (73)

0.006

Type of surgery

 Lumpectomy

5 (42)

3 (27)

 

 Mastectomy

7 (58)

8 (73)

0.882

Type of lymph dissection

 Sentinel node

0

1 (9)

 

 Axillary clearance

12 (75)

10 (73)

0.980

Stage of breast cancer

 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

0

1 (9)

 

 1

3 (25)

4 (36)

 

 2

6 (50)

5 (45)

0.976

 3

3 (25)

1 (9)

 

Treatment

 Chemotherapy

8 (66)

6 (54)

0.867

 Radiotherapy

9 (75)

7 (64)

0.890

Most common area of radiotherapy

 Chest

7 (58)

7 (64)

 

 Axilla

2 (17)

2 (18)

0.909

 Axilla and chest

3 (25)

2 (18)

 

Lymphoedema dominant/non-dominant

 Dominant

7 (58)

7 (64)

0.867

 Non-dominant

5 (42)

4 (36)

 
  1. *P < 0.05
  2. a P values obtained using two-tailed independent samples t-test
  3. b P values obtained using chi-square test with Yates correction