Study | Findings or proposed mechanisms |
---|---|
Bao 2014 [18] | • Reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons • Promoted restoration of damaged nerve cells |
Chen 2015 [20] | • Reduced Nogo-A and NgR |
Chen 2006 [21] | • Increased GABA • Reduced Glu |
Dai 2015 [22] | • Increased NEP |
Hou 2013 [23] | • Increased MR • Reduced GR |
Gao 2012 [24] | • Increased DA, 5-HT and NE |
Huang 2010 [25] | • Increased BDNF |
Ji 2011 [26] | • Reduced MDA • Increased SOD |
Jia 2011 [27] | • Increased Syp, PKC, NMDAR and PKC mRNA • Reduced mGluRs |
Wang 2012 [28] | • Increased NOS • Reduced MAO |
Lin 2008 [29] | • Increased NMDAR-2BmRNA |
Luo 2007 [30] | • Decreased NO |
Ma 2009 [31] | • Increased CTGF protein and mRNA |
Zhang 2014 [32] | • Increased InsR mRNA |
Niu 2009 [33] | • Increased SS and AVP |
Su 2013 [34] | • Reduced MDA, P53 and P21 • Increased SOD |
Tan 2014 [35] | • Increased GAP-43 and c-fos |
Tang 2014 [36] | • Increased CHAT protein |
Wang 2013 [37] | • Reduced GSK-3β |
Wang 2009 [38] | • Reduced ET • Increased CGRP |
Hong 2014 [39] | • Increased CX43, CX32 and CX36 |
Xu 2006 [40] | • Increased Bcl-2 protein • Reduced Bax protein and mRNA |
Xu 2007 [41] | • Reduced IL-1β and TNF-α |
Yi 2014 [42] | • Increased SOD, PKA and pCREB • Reduced MDA and c-fos |
Feng 2013 [44] | • Increased GluR2 |
Li 2013 [45] | • Reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 |
Zheng 2009 [47] | • Increased ChAT • Reduced TchE |
Li 2012 [48] | • Reduced neuron loss |
Li 2014 [49] | • Increased BDNF |
Lee 2014 [50] | • Stimulated cholinergic enzyme activities • Regulated BDNF and CREB expression |
Zhu 2013 [51] | • Up-regulated mTOR and eIF4E |
Lu 2014 [52] | • Increased Fos expression |
Li 2012 [53] | • increased Bcl-2mRNA • decreased caspase-3 |
Guo 2015 [54] | • Down-regulated Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA |
Jiang 2015 [55] | • Increased the level of uptake rate of glucose |
Shao 2008 [56] | • Regulated the amount of AVP, SS, and β-EP |
Liu 2013 [57] | • Reduced MDA • Increased SOD |
Li 2015 [58] | • Increased the pyramidal neuron number • Decreased the number of astrocytes |
Lu 2008 [59] | • Increased NCAM and ST8SiaII/IVmRNA |