Fig. 1
The cytotoxic of effects of uMakhonya® on three different models of PBMCs, immunosuppressed, PHA-stimulated, and S. aureus peptidoglycan (PG-S. aureus)-stimulated cells. In all three models, uMakhonya® induced significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity at high doses (1000 to 500 μg/mL) while the effect of lower doses (100 to 10 μg/mL) was not significant (p > 0.05). The IC50 values of 512.08, 500, and 487. 91 μg/mL were recorded for immunosuppressed, PHA-stimulated, and PG-S. aureus-stimulated cells, respectively. Further experiments were performed with lower doses ranging from 100 to 10 μg/mL, which did not show significant cytotoxicity