Fig. 1

PPHs regulate H₂O₂-induced cell death in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. a To test the cell viability of PPHs in MC3T3-E1 cells, cells were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL PPHs only for 6 h. Cell viability was estimated via the trypan blue exclusion test. Untreated cells were used as the control. b To test the cell viability of H₂O₂ in MC3T3-E1 cells, cells were treated with 0, 100, 200, or 400 μM H₂O₂ only for 6 h. Cell viability was estimated via the trypan blue exclusion test. Untreated cells were used as the control. c Cells were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL PPHs in the presence or absence of 400 μM H₂O₂ for 6 h, and cell survival was assessed. d Cells were exposed to 400 μM H₂O₂ in the presence or absence of 100 μg/mL PPHs for 0, 2, 4, or 6 h, after which cell viability was assessed. ^* p < 0.05 versus cells treated with H₂O₂ alone (n = 3). PPHs porcine placenta hydrolysates