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Table 2 Frequency domain analysis and time domain analysis of the of the heart rate variability and respiration rate (RR) based on intention-to-treat analysis

From: Heart rate variability in chronic low back pain patients randomized to yoga or standard care

Variables

Yoga (n = 21)

Standard care (n = 21)

Pre

Post

Cohen’s d

Pre

Post

Cohen’s d

LF (n.u)

57.8 ± 14.2

50.8 ± 12.0*

0.53

56.7 ± 15.5

58.7 ± 16.9

0.12

HF (n.u)

42.2 ± 14.2

49.2 ± 12.0*

0.53

43.3 ± 15.5

41.3 ± 16.9

0.12

LF/HF

1.71 ± 1.24

1.15 ± .53

0.63

1.68 ± 1.15

1.94 ± 1.53

0.65

Mean RR

0.76 ± 0.09

0.79 ± 0.10

0.32

0.76 ± 0.08

0.75 ± 0.08

0.13

RMSSD

56.47 ± 49.44

79.14 ± 50.68

0.45

62.54 ± 55.52

32.37 ± 20.06

0.80

NN50

28.14 ± 39.13

43.88 ± 38.41

0.41

29.05 ± 37.02

21.14 ± 33.36

0.22

pNN50

7.75 ± 11.64

13.40 ± 13.27*

0.45

7.65 ± 10.22

5.77 ± 9.06

0.20

Respiration rate (CPM)

13.01 ± 2.60†

11.42 ± .98**

0.89

11.29 ± 1.12

10.88 ± .97

0.39

  1. Values are group mean ± SD
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni adjustment, post values compared with pre values
  3. p < 0.01, post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni adjustment, pre value of yoga compared with pre value of standard care