All (n = 43) | Group 1 (n = 11) | Group 2 (n = 10) | Group 3 (n = 13) | Group 4 (n = 9) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numerical rating scale | ||||||
Baseline | 6.61 (1.63) | 6.64 (1.69) | 7.00 (1.63) | 6.69 (1.80) | 5.86 (1.22) | 0.621 |
Post intervention | 4.73 (2.04) | 5.27 (1.79) | 4.60 (1.90) | 4.15 (2.12) | 5.14 (2.55) | 0.579 |
Relative difference | −1.88 (2.14) | −1.37 (1.36) | −2.40 (1.65) | −2.54 (2.47) | −0.71 (2.75) | 0.299 |
Timed-up and-go test | ||||||
Baseline | 18.25 (5.05) | 18.14 (3.98) | 16.31 (3.42) | 20.16 (5.67) | 17.64 (6.85) | 0.243 |
Post intervention | 15.31 (5.26) | 15.39 (4.66) | 15.14 (5.20) | 14.99 (4.66) | 16.04 (7.96) | 0.985 |
Relative difference | −2.93 (4.05) | −2.75 (2.61) | −1.17 (4.24) | −5.16 (4.75) | −1.60 (2.81) | 0.132 |
Knee flexion (active) | ||||||
Baseline | 115.32 (15.34) | 118.18 (13.36) | 109.70 (13.43) | 113.38 (17.54) | 122.43 (15.79) | 0.524 |
Post intervention | 126.54 (11.67) | 130.82 (10.20) | 123.30 (8.42) | 125.23 (13.24) | 126.86 (14.92) | 0.452 |
Relative difference | 11.22 (12.09) | 12.64 (11.99) | 13.60 (15.96) | 11.85 (9.38) | 4.43 (10.42) | 0.554 |
Knee flexion (passive) | ||||||
Baseline | 122.54 (11.45) | 125.27 (11.43) | 120.50 (9.58) | 119.38 (14.06) | 127.00 (7.62) | 0.536 |
Post intervention | 131.46 (10.80) | 135.73 (10.26) | 129.40 (6.08) | 128.77 (11.75) | 132.71 (14.59) | 0.372 |
Relative difference | 8.93 (8.34) | 10.45 (7.67) | 8.90 (9.75) | 9.38 (5.53) | 5.71 (12.04) | 0.611 |
Knee extension (active) | ||||||
Baseline | −4.61 (4.01) | −4.73 (5.00) | −4.50 (3.03) | −4.38 (4.33) | −5.00 (3.74) | 0.944 |
Post intervention | −2.93 (2.91) | −3.00 (2.93) | −3.10 (2.51) | −2.77 (3.22) | −2.86 (3.44) | 0.979 |
Relative difference | 1.68 (3.33) | 1.40 (2.41) | 1.40 (2.41) | 1.62 (3.66) | 2.14 (2.91) | 0.996 |
Knee extension (passive) | ||||||
Baseline | −1.73 (4.51) | −1.82 (4.24) | −1.80 (4.02) | −2.00 (5.87) | −1.00 (3.42) | 0.939 |
Post intervention | 0.00 (3.23) | 0.09 (2.88) | 0.20 (3.19) | 0.08 (3.12) | −0.57 (4.54) | 0.980 |
Relative difference | 1.73 (3.69) | 1.91 (2.39) | 2.00 (4.16) | 2.08 (4.87) | 0.43 (2.37) | 0.801 |