Fig. 2

Effect of cinnamon extract on cell cycle progression and cell cycle-related proteins. VSMCs cultured in serum-starved medium were stimulated with 25 ng/mL PDGF-BB and the effect in the presence of Kiom-18 extract (5–50 μg/ml) on the DNA synthesis (a) and the histogram data (b) for each phase of the cell cycle is shown. The cell cycle progression data are representative of three independent experiments. Moreover, the effect of Kiom-18 extract on cell cycle regulatory proteins stimulated by PDGF-BB, including cyclin D1/E1, CDK2/4, Rb, and PCNA as negative regulatory molecules (c), was measured using SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Total β-actin was used for normalization. These results were analyzed using densitometry; the values represent the percentage of the control stimulated by PDGF-BB. All values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences from the PDGF control (PDGF-stimulated) are shown by *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01