Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for insomnia after stroke

From: Acupuncture for insomnia after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author (year) Country

Sample Size

Participants

Intervention Group Regimen

Control group regimen

Main outcomes

Results

Average age (years)

Sex (male/female)

Severity of insomnia

Time since stroke

Ye 2013 [22]

85

(a) 62.8 ± 7.2

(b) 67.3 ± 8.3

(a) 23/20

(b) 20/22

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) 15.9 ± 3.5 days

(b) 14.17 ± 2.9 days

(a) AT (n = 43)

(GV-20, EX-HN3, EX-HN1, HT-7, EX/ 5 times a week for 4 weeks, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 42)

(Alprazolam 0.4 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) PSQI

(2) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores

(P < 0.05)

(2) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.01)

Li 2012 [23]

300

(a) 49.2

(b) 51.3

(a) 79/71

(b) 77/73

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT + Drugs (n = 150)

(BL-62, KI-6, HT-7/ once a day for 10 days, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 150)

(Estazolam 0.5 mg once a day for 10 days)

(1) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.05)

Huang 2012 [24]

84

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT (n = 42)

(GV-20, EX-HN1, Auricular Shenmen, EX-HN3, EX, KI-6, BL-62/ 6 times a week for 2 weeks, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 42)

(Estazolam 2 mg 4–7 times a day for 2 weeks)

(1) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.05)

Wu 2012 [25]

80

(a) 67.6 ± 10.4

(b) 66.2 ± 9.6

(a) 20/20

(b) 18/22

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AA (n = 40)

(Auricular Shenmen, heart, kidney, subcortex, internal ear/ 4–5 times a day for 10 days)

(b) Drugs (n = 40)

(Estazolam 2 mg once a day for 10 days)

(1) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.01)

Huang 2011 [26]

60

(a) 66

(b) 67

(a) 11/19

(b) 13/17

(a) AIS > 6

(b) AIS > 6

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT + Drugs (n = 30)

(GV-20, EX-HN1, SP-6, BL-23, HT-7, EX/ once a day for 14 days, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 30)

(Bailemianjiaonang 0.27 g × 4 capsules twice a day for 20 days)

(1) PSQI

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores

(P < 0.01)

Sun 2011 [27]

60

(a) 40 ± 15

(b) 40 ± 15

(a) 14/16

(b) 15/15

(a) PSQI 13.31 ± 2.4

(b) PSQI 12.09 ± 3.1

(a) 4.0 ± 2.6 years

(b) 3.9 ± 2.8 years

(a) AT + AA (n = 30) (AT: GV-20, HT-7, SP-6, GB-20, EX-HN5, EX-HN1, EX/ once a day for 20 days, 30 min); AA: HT-7, sympathetic/ twice a day for 20 days, 15 ~ 20 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 30)

(Estazolam 2 mg once a day for 20 days)

(1) PSQI

(2) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores (P < 0.05)

(2) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.05)

Ye 2010 [28]

60

(a) 61.5 ± 3.7

(b) 62.4 ± 4.9

(a) 16/14

(b) 17/13

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT (n = 30)

(GV-24, GV-20, GV-16, GV-11, EX-HN1/ 6 times a week for 4 weeks, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 30)

(Diazepam 5.0 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.01)

Lee 2009 [20]

52

(a) 66.7 ± 11.0

(b) 66.0 ± 9.6

(a) 12/15

(b) 12/13

(a) ISI 18.4 ± 2.7,

AIS 15.8 ± 2.4

(b) ISI 18.1 ± 2.6,

AIS 14.9 ± 2.2

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) IA (n = 27)

(He7, EH6/ once a day for 3 days)

(b) Sham AT

(n = 25)

(1) ISI

(2) AIS

(1)Significant differences in ISI scores

(P < 0.01)

(2)Significant differences in AIS scores

(P < 0.01)

Lu 2008 [29]

50

(a) 61.48 ± 3.72 (b) 62.40 ± 4.88

(a) 14/11

(b) 15/10

(a) PSQI 16.64 ± 2.3

(b) PSQI 17.28 ± 2

(a) 0.3 ~ 1 years

(b) 0.3 ~ 1 years

(a) AT (n = 25) (GV-24, GV-20, GV-16, GV-11, BL-23, KI-3, HT-7, PC-6/ 6 days a week for 4 weeks, 30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 25)

(Diazepam 5.0 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) PSQI

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores

(P < 0.05)

Li 2007 [8]

64

(a) 69.8 ± 7.1

(b) 67.3 ± 8.3

(a) 18/14

(b) 17/15

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT + AA (n = 32) (AT: HT-7, SP-6, GV-24, EX-HN1, PC-6, LR-3, KI-3; AA: Auricular Shenmen/ 6 days a week for 4 weeks, 20–30 min)

(b) Drugs (n = 32)

(Diazepam 2.5 mg or estazolam 1 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) PSQI

(2) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores

(P < 0.05)

(2) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.05)

Liu 2006 [30]

62

(a) 69.9 ± 6.9

(b) 67.5 ± 8.2

(a) 15/17

(b) 15/15

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) AT (n = 32)

(HT-7, SP-6, GV-24, EX-HN1, PC-6, LR-3, KI-3, ST-36/ 5 days a week for 4 weeks, 30 min

(b) Drugs (n = 30)

(Diazepam 2.5 mg or estazolam 1 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) PSQI

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores

(P < 0.05)

Kim 2004 [21]

30

(a) 65.1 ± 9.0

(b) 68.3 ± 10.4

(a) 8/7

(b) 9/6

(a) ISI 21.9 ± 2.0,

AIS 17.1 ± 1.6

(b) ISI 22.3 ± 2.1,

AIS 17.7 ± 2.5

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) IA (n = 15)

(He7, EH6/ once a day for 3 days)

(b) Sham AT

(n = 15)

(1) ISI

(2) AIS

(1) Significant differences in ISI scores

(P < 0.01)

(2) Significant differences in AIS scores

(P < 0.01)

Wang 2004 [31]

64

(a) 42.5 ~ 70.5

(b) 41 ~ 70

(a) 22/12

(b) 17/13

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) n.r.

(b) n.r.

(a) EA + AA (n = 34)

(EA: HT-7, PC-6, CV-12, ST-36, KI-3; AA: Auricular Shenmen/ 5 times a week for 4 weeks, 20–30 min, 40 Hz)

(b) Drugs (n = 30)

(Diazepam 2.5 mg or clozapine 25 mg once a day for 4 weeks)

(1) PSQI

(2) Efficacy standards of Chinese medicine

(1) Significant differences in PSQI scores (P < 0.01)

(2) Significant differences in Effective rates

(P < 0.01)

  1. Notes. AA auricular acupuncture, AIS Athens insomnia sale, AT acupuncture therapy, EA electro-acupuncture, IA intradermal acupuncture, ISI insomnia severity index, n.r not reported, PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Adverse effects were not reported for any study