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Table 1 Population characteristics by days missed from job/business due to illness or injury

From: Complementary and alternative medicine use and absenteeism among individuals with chronic disease

 

Total

Days missed from job or business

p-valuea

  

0 days

1 to 2 days

3 to 5 days

6+ days

 
 

n (weighted %)

n (weighted %)

n (weighted %)

n (weighted %)

n (weighted %)

 

Days missed

      

 0 days

4781 (46.9)

     

 1 to 2 days

2199 (22.1)

     

 3 to 5 days

1898 (19.2)

     

 6+ days

1296 (11.8)

     

Chronic conditionb

      

 High Cholesterol

4781 (47.7)

2328 (49.2)

1033 (48.6)

823 (43.4)

597 (47.0)

0.03

 Arthritis

3519 (35.2)

1485 (32.5)

767 (34.1)

616 (32.3)

651 (52.7)

<0.0001

 Hypertension

3191 (31.2)

1526 (31.4)

645 (28.1)

545 (29.8)

475 (38.3)

0.47

 Cancer

1167 (11.9)

560 (12.4)

245 (11.7)

200 (10.5)

162 (12.3)

0.35

 Depression

1716 (16.8)

562 (11.2)

366 (17.7)

351 (17.4)

437 (36.3)

<0.0001

 Diabetes

1203 (11.2)

593 (12.3)

222 (9.7)

187 (8.3)

201 (14.1)

0.10

 Asthma

824 (7.9)

277 (5.8)

171 (7.5)

177 (9.1)

199 (15.1)

<0.0001

 Hepatitis

489 (4.2)

255 (4.6)

98 (3.9)

91 (4.3)

45 (3.4)

0.24

 Coronary heart disease

253 (2.7)

130 (2.9)

46 (2.4)

26 (1.3)

51 (4.3)

0.55

 COPD

192 (1.7)

80 (1.7)

45 (1.9)

38 (1.5)

29 (2.1)

0.93

 Substance Abuse

145 (1.6)

69 (1.8)

25 (1.3)

22 (1.2)

29 (1.9)

0.17

 Kidney Disease

141 (1.3)

53(1.0)

17 (0.7)

26 (1.6)

45 (3.2)

0.02

Race/Ethnicity

      

 White

7022 (76.5)

3223 (75.7)

1615 (79.3)

1220 (77.0)

964 (74.3)

ref

 African American

1140 (8.9)

532 (9.0)

207 (7.3)

183 (8.0)

218 (12.1)

0.87

 Hispanic

1310 (9.8)

652 (10.1)

235 (8.5)

230 (10.3)

193 (10.0)

0.85

 Asian/Other

702 (4.8)

374 (5.2)

142 (4.8)

106 (4.7)

80 (3.6)

0.30

Agec

     

<0.0001

 18-24

955 (9.9)

428 (9.2)

220 (10.6)

162 (11.0)

145 (10.2)

 

 25-34

1462 (14.0)

580 (11.7)

331 (15.9)

319 (16.7)

232 (15.5)

 

 35-44

1998 (19.2)

839 (17.6)

472 (20.2)

359 (20.5)

328 (21.3)

 

 45-54

2693 (26.7)

1294 (12.7)

569 (26.4)

441 (25.7)

389 (26.4)

 

 55-65

3066 (30.2)

1640 (34.3)

607 (26.9)

458 (26.1)

361 (26.6)

 

Gender

      

 Male

4419 (44.4)

2205 (47.3)

961 (44.9)

689 (40.7)

564 (38.6)

ref

 Female

5755 (55.6)

2576 (52.7)

1238 (55.1)

1050 (59.3)

891 (61.4)

<0.0001

Household income

      

 <$35,000

2000 (18.2)

961 (18.8)

368 (15.2)

349 (18.7)

322 (20.1)

ref

 $35,000-$74,999

3255 (33.2)

1444 (31.6)

722 (34.2)

574 (33.4)

515 (36.7)

0.25

 $75,000-$99,999

1621 (16.2)

743 (15.5)

383 (18.0)

268 (15.9)

227 (16.1)

0.75

 $100,000+

2879 (32.4)

1426 (34.1)

624 (32.5)

482 (32.0)

347 (27.1)

0.57

Education

      

 Did not complete high school

858 (7.3)

455 (8.2)

142 (5.4)

133 (7.0)

128 (8.0)

ref

 High school diploma or GED

2388 (23.3)

1176 (24.4)

478 (21.5)

376 (21.3)

358 (24.4)

0.65

 Associate's degree/some college

3538 (34.8)

1610 (34.1)

753 (33.8)

621 (36.7)

544 (36.1)

0.29

 Bachelor's degree

2102 (21.6)

962 (21.2)

527 (24.9)

346 (20.6)

267 (19.2)

0.58

 Advanced degree

1248 (13.0)

553 (12.1)

282 (14.4)

260 (14.5)

153 (12.3)

0.24

BMIc

     

0.001

 Underweight

56 (0.6)

16 (0.4)

7 (0.2)

10 (0.6)

23 (2.0)

 

 Normal

2471 (28.9)

1235 (29.7)

546 (29.7)

388 (27.6)

302 (25.9)

 

 Overweight

3571 (41.4)

1769 (43.2)

771 (41.6)

598 (40.5)

433 (35.5)

 

 Obese

2531 (29.1)

1119 (26.6)

555 (28.6)

443 (31.3)

414 (36.6)

 

Marital status

      

 Single

2831 (28.0)

1266 (26.4)

573 (27.0)

519 (29.9)

473 (32.9)

ref

 Married

5731 (56.8)

2810 (59.5)

1301 (59.2)

921 (53.0)

699 (48.1)

0.0001

 Divorced/Separated

1390 (13.3)

591 (11.9)

289 (12.4)

267 (15.5)

40 (16.4)

0.16

 Widowed

202 (1.9)

99 (2.1)

35 (1.4)

28 (1.6)

1455 (2.6)

0.66

Smoking status

      

 Never

5688 (55.1)

2716 (54.6)

126 (56.2)

988 (56.8)

748 (52.9)

ref

 Former

2546 (26.3)

1210 (27.7)

577 (26.3)

396 (23.6)

363 (25.0)

0.06

 Current

1922 (18.6)

846 (17.7)

381 (17.5)

354 (19.6)

341 (22.1)

0.51

Alcohol consumptiond

      

 Abstainer

4230 (39.9)

2054 (41.1)

851 (36.7)

739 (40.7)

586 (39.6)

ref

 Light Drinker

3487 (36.2)

1539 (34.2)

793 (38.9)

622 (36.4)

533 (38.5)

0.04

 Moderate Drinker

1766 (17.8)

856 (18.7)

409 (18.0)

282 (17.0)

219 (15.4)

0.08

 Heavy Drinker

613 (6.1)

288 (6.0)

129 (6.5)

89 (5.8)

107 (6.5)

0.55

Chronic conditionsc

     

0.0004

 1

5542 (53.8)

2759 (56.4)

1231 (55.2)

924 (53.0)

637 (43.4)

 

 2

2740 (27.5)

1261 (26.9)

606 (28.4)

457 (27.0)

416 (28.9)

 

 3+

1892 (18.7)

770 (16.7)

362 (16.4)

35 (20.0)

402 (27.7)

 

Surgery in past 12 months

     

<0.0001

 No

4370 (90.4)

4370 (90.4)

1930 (87.7)

1493 (84.5)

877 (61.5)

 

 Yes

410 (9.6)

410 (9.6)

269 (12.3)

246 (15.5)

576 (38.5)

 

Paid sick days

     

<0.0001

 No

6247 (62.5)

2528 (54.4)

1512 (68.8)

1228 (71.7)

979 (68.4)

 

 Yes

3873 (37.5)

2213 (45.6)

683 (31.2)

503 (28.3)

474 (31.6)

 

General health

      

 Excellent

2464 (25.3)

1265 (27.0)

538 (27.7)

399 (23.3)

262 (18.0)

ref

 Very good

3585 (35.6)

1707 (36.0)

825 (36.2)

566 (34.6)

487 (34.4)

0.22

 Good

3086 (29.9)

1372 (28.7)

641 (28.5)

568 (31.4)

505 (34.1)

0.005

 Fair/Poor

1033 (9.2)

432 (8.2)

195 (7.7)

205 (10.7)

201 (13.4)

0.0002

Health insurance

      

 No

8690 (86.8)

3983 (84.6)

1931 (88.9)

1687 (90.2)

1089 (85.8)

ref

 Yes

1484 (13.2)

798 (15.4)

268 (11.1)

211 (9.8)

207 (14.2)

0.005

Number of employees

      

 0 to 9

2568 (25.6)

1449 (31.1)

511 (24.1)

311 (17.9)

297 (18.8)

ref

 10 to 249

2368 (23.8)

1065 (22.8)

517 (24.1)

462 (27.2)

324 (22.6)

0.0001

 50 to 249

2309 (22.9)

954 (20.5)

574 (24.7)

427 (25.0)

354 (25.8)

<0.0001

 249 to 9999

1233 (12.7)

529 (11.7)

261 (12.5)

235 (13.5)

208 (15.5)

0.000.

 1000+

1435 (14.9)

627 (14.0)

304 (14.6)

263 (16.3)

241 (17.2)

<0.0001

Class of worker

      

 Private company

7294 (72.5)

3471 (73.7)

1629 (74.3)

1230 (71.3)

964 (66.7)

ref

 Government

1879 (18.0)

666 (13.4)

421 (18.4)

409 (22.7)

383 (27.0)

0.06

 Self-employed

953 (9.6)

615 (12.9)

141 (7.3)

96 (5.9)

101 (6.3)

0.003

Reasons for CAM useb

      

 General wellness

3140 (47.0)

1439 (45.9)

667 (21.5)

6120 (20.4)

424 (12.3

0.75

 Improve energy

1610 (24.0)

713 (44.5)

337 (22.0)

326 (20.7)

234 (12.8)

0.15

 Improve immune function

1228 (18.0)

566 (44.4)

247 (21.4)

237 (21.4)

178 (12.7)

0.11

 Improve athletic/sports performance

803 (12.0)

371 (44.7)

160 (20.2)

146 (20.2)

126 (14.9)

0.55

 Improve memory/concentration

758 (12.0)

328 (42.5)

171 (23.7)

147 (21.6)

112 (12.2)

0.06

  1. aChi-square test for strength of association (α = 0.10)
  2. aT- test for strength of association for age, BMI (p ≤ 0.10)
  3. Significance for p-values was set at 0.05
  4. bGroups not exclusive
  5. cModeled as continuous variable
  6. aT- test for strength of association for chronic conditions (p ≤ 0.10)
  7. dBased off the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [29]