From: Complementary and alternative medicine use and absenteeism among individuals with chronic disease
Total | Days missed from job or business | p-valuea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 days | 1 to 2 days | 3 to 5 days | 6+ days | |||
n (weighted %) | n (weighted %) | n (weighted %) | n (weighted %) | n (weighted %) | ||
Days missed | ||||||
0 days | 4781 (46.9) | |||||
1 to 2 days | 2199 (22.1) | |||||
3 to 5 days | 1898 (19.2) | |||||
6+ days | 1296 (11.8) | |||||
Chronic conditionb | ||||||
High Cholesterol | 4781 (47.7) | 2328 (49.2) | 1033 (48.6) | 823 (43.4) | 597 (47.0) | 0.03 |
Arthritis | 3519 (35.2) | 1485 (32.5) | 767 (34.1) | 616 (32.3) | 651 (52.7) | <0.0001 |
Hypertension | 3191 (31.2) | 1526 (31.4) | 645 (28.1) | 545 (29.8) | 475 (38.3) | 0.47 |
Cancer | 1167 (11.9) | 560 (12.4) | 245 (11.7) | 200 (10.5) | 162 (12.3) | 0.35 |
Depression | 1716 (16.8) | 562 (11.2) | 366 (17.7) | 351 (17.4) | 437 (36.3) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | 1203 (11.2) | 593 (12.3) | 222 (9.7) | 187 (8.3) | 201 (14.1) | 0.10 |
Asthma | 824 (7.9) | 277 (5.8) | 171 (7.5) | 177 (9.1) | 199 (15.1) | <0.0001 |
Hepatitis | 489 (4.2) | 255 (4.6) | 98 (3.9) | 91 (4.3) | 45 (3.4) | 0.24 |
Coronary heart disease | 253 (2.7) | 130 (2.9) | 46 (2.4) | 26 (1.3) | 51 (4.3) | 0.55 |
COPD | 192 (1.7) | 80 (1.7) | 45 (1.9) | 38 (1.5) | 29 (2.1) | 0.93 |
Substance Abuse | 145 (1.6) | 69 (1.8) | 25 (1.3) | 22 (1.2) | 29 (1.9) | 0.17 |
Kidney Disease | 141 (1.3) | 53(1.0) | 17 (0.7) | 26 (1.6) | 45 (3.2) | 0.02 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 7022 (76.5) | 3223 (75.7) | 1615 (79.3) | 1220 (77.0) | 964 (74.3) | ref |
African American | 1140 (8.9) | 532 (9.0) | 207 (7.3) | 183 (8.0) | 218 (12.1) | 0.87 |
Hispanic | 1310 (9.8) | 652 (10.1) | 235 (8.5) | 230 (10.3) | 193 (10.0) | 0.85 |
Asian/Other | 702 (4.8) | 374 (5.2) | 142 (4.8) | 106 (4.7) | 80 (3.6) | 0.30 |
Agec | <0.0001 | |||||
18-24 | 955 (9.9) | 428 (9.2) | 220 (10.6) | 162 (11.0) | 145 (10.2) | |
25-34 | 1462 (14.0) | 580 (11.7) | 331 (15.9) | 319 (16.7) | 232 (15.5) | |
35-44 | 1998 (19.2) | 839 (17.6) | 472 (20.2) | 359 (20.5) | 328 (21.3) | |
45-54 | 2693 (26.7) | 1294 (12.7) | 569 (26.4) | 441 (25.7) | 389 (26.4) | |
55-65 | 3066 (30.2) | 1640 (34.3) | 607 (26.9) | 458 (26.1) | 361 (26.6) | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 4419 (44.4) | 2205 (47.3) | 961 (44.9) | 689 (40.7) | 564 (38.6) | ref |
Female | 5755 (55.6) | 2576 (52.7) | 1238 (55.1) | 1050 (59.3) | 891 (61.4) | <0.0001 |
Household income | ||||||
<$35,000 | 2000 (18.2) | 961 (18.8) | 368 (15.2) | 349 (18.7) | 322 (20.1) | ref |
$35,000-$74,999 | 3255 (33.2) | 1444 (31.6) | 722 (34.2) | 574 (33.4) | 515 (36.7) | 0.25 |
$75,000-$99,999 | 1621 (16.2) | 743 (15.5) | 383 (18.0) | 268 (15.9) | 227 (16.1) | 0.75 |
$100,000+ | 2879 (32.4) | 1426 (34.1) | 624 (32.5) | 482 (32.0) | 347 (27.1) | 0.57 |
Education | ||||||
Did not complete high school | 858 (7.3) | 455 (8.2) | 142 (5.4) | 133 (7.0) | 128 (8.0) | ref |
High school diploma or GED | 2388 (23.3) | 1176 (24.4) | 478 (21.5) | 376 (21.3) | 358 (24.4) | 0.65 |
Associate's degree/some college | 3538 (34.8) | 1610 (34.1) | 753 (33.8) | 621 (36.7) | 544 (36.1) | 0.29 |
Bachelor's degree | 2102 (21.6) | 962 (21.2) | 527 (24.9) | 346 (20.6) | 267 (19.2) | 0.58 |
Advanced degree | 1248 (13.0) | 553 (12.1) | 282 (14.4) | 260 (14.5) | 153 (12.3) | 0.24 |
BMIc | 0.001 | |||||
Underweight | 56 (0.6) | 16 (0.4) | 7 (0.2) | 10 (0.6) | 23 (2.0) | |
Normal | 2471 (28.9) | 1235 (29.7) | 546 (29.7) | 388 (27.6) | 302 (25.9) | |
Overweight | 3571 (41.4) | 1769 (43.2) | 771 (41.6) | 598 (40.5) | 433 (35.5) | |
Obese | 2531 (29.1) | 1119 (26.6) | 555 (28.6) | 443 (31.3) | 414 (36.6) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 2831 (28.0) | 1266 (26.4) | 573 (27.0) | 519 (29.9) | 473 (32.9) | ref |
Married | 5731 (56.8) | 2810 (59.5) | 1301 (59.2) | 921 (53.0) | 699 (48.1) | 0.0001 |
Divorced/Separated | 1390 (13.3) | 591 (11.9) | 289 (12.4) | 267 (15.5) | 40 (16.4) | 0.16 |
Widowed | 202 (1.9) | 99 (2.1) | 35 (1.4) | 28 (1.6) | 1455 (2.6) | 0.66 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 5688 (55.1) | 2716 (54.6) | 126 (56.2) | 988 (56.8) | 748 (52.9) | ref |
Former | 2546 (26.3) | 1210 (27.7) | 577 (26.3) | 396 (23.6) | 363 (25.0) | 0.06 |
Current | 1922 (18.6) | 846 (17.7) | 381 (17.5) | 354 (19.6) | 341 (22.1) | 0.51 |
Alcohol consumptiond | ||||||
Abstainer | 4230 (39.9) | 2054 (41.1) | 851 (36.7) | 739 (40.7) | 586 (39.6) | ref |
Light Drinker | 3487 (36.2) | 1539 (34.2) | 793 (38.9) | 622 (36.4) | 533 (38.5) | 0.04 |
Moderate Drinker | 1766 (17.8) | 856 (18.7) | 409 (18.0) | 282 (17.0) | 219 (15.4) | 0.08 |
Heavy Drinker | 613 (6.1) | 288 (6.0) | 129 (6.5) | 89 (5.8) | 107 (6.5) | 0.55 |
Chronic conditionsc | 0.0004 | |||||
1 | 5542 (53.8) | 2759 (56.4) | 1231 (55.2) | 924 (53.0) | 637 (43.4) | |
2 | 2740 (27.5) | 1261 (26.9) | 606 (28.4) | 457 (27.0) | 416 (28.9) | |
3+ | 1892 (18.7) | 770 (16.7) | 362 (16.4) | 35 (20.0) | 402 (27.7) | |
Surgery in past 12 months | <0.0001 | |||||
No | 4370 (90.4) | 4370 (90.4) | 1930 (87.7) | 1493 (84.5) | 877 (61.5) | |
Yes | 410 (9.6) | 410 (9.6) | 269 (12.3) | 246 (15.5) | 576 (38.5) | |
Paid sick days | <0.0001 | |||||
No | 6247 (62.5) | 2528 (54.4) | 1512 (68.8) | 1228 (71.7) | 979 (68.4) | |
Yes | 3873 (37.5) | 2213 (45.6) | 683 (31.2) | 503 (28.3) | 474 (31.6) | |
General health | ||||||
Excellent | 2464 (25.3) | 1265 (27.0) | 538 (27.7) | 399 (23.3) | 262 (18.0) | ref |
Very good | 3585 (35.6) | 1707 (36.0) | 825 (36.2) | 566 (34.6) | 487 (34.4) | 0.22 |
Good | 3086 (29.9) | 1372 (28.7) | 641 (28.5) | 568 (31.4) | 505 (34.1) | 0.005 |
Fair/Poor | 1033 (9.2) | 432 (8.2) | 195 (7.7) | 205 (10.7) | 201 (13.4) | 0.0002 |
Health insurance | ||||||
No | 8690 (86.8) | 3983 (84.6) | 1931 (88.9) | 1687 (90.2) | 1089 (85.8) | ref |
Yes | 1484 (13.2) | 798 (15.4) | 268 (11.1) | 211 (9.8) | 207 (14.2) | 0.005 |
Number of employees | ||||||
0 to 9 | 2568 (25.6) | 1449 (31.1) | 511 (24.1) | 311 (17.9) | 297 (18.8) | ref |
10 to 249 | 2368 (23.8) | 1065 (22.8) | 517 (24.1) | 462 (27.2) | 324 (22.6) | 0.0001 |
50 to 249 | 2309 (22.9) | 954 (20.5) | 574 (24.7) | 427 (25.0) | 354 (25.8) | <0.0001 |
249 to 9999 | 1233 (12.7) | 529 (11.7) | 261 (12.5) | 235 (13.5) | 208 (15.5) | 0.000. |
1000+ | 1435 (14.9) | 627 (14.0) | 304 (14.6) | 263 (16.3) | 241 (17.2) | <0.0001 |
Class of worker | ||||||
Private company | 7294 (72.5) | 3471 (73.7) | 1629 (74.3) | 1230 (71.3) | 964 (66.7) | ref |
Government | 1879 (18.0) | 666 (13.4) | 421 (18.4) | 409 (22.7) | 383 (27.0) | 0.06 |
Self-employed | 953 (9.6) | 615 (12.9) | 141 (7.3) | 96 (5.9) | 101 (6.3) | 0.003 |
Reasons for CAM useb | ||||||
General wellness | 3140 (47.0) | 1439 (45.9) | 667 (21.5) | 6120 (20.4) | 424 (12.3 | 0.75 |
Improve energy | 1610 (24.0) | 713 (44.5) | 337 (22.0) | 326 (20.7) | 234 (12.8) | 0.15 |
Improve immune function | 1228 (18.0) | 566 (44.4) | 247 (21.4) | 237 (21.4) | 178 (12.7) | 0.11 |
Improve athletic/sports performance | 803 (12.0) | 371 (44.7) | 160 (20.2) | 146 (20.2) | 126 (14.9) | 0.55 |
Improve memory/concentration | 758 (12.0) | 328 (42.5) | 171 (23.7) | 147 (21.6) | 112 (12.2) | 0.06 |