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Table 2 Metabolic parameters related to energy metabolism at the end of experimental periods

From: The combination of Artemisia princeps Pamp, Leonurus japonicas Houtt, and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit attenuates the exacerbation of energy, lipid, and glucose by increasing hepatic PGC-1α expression in estrogen-deficient rats

 

Control (n = 12)

APP (n = 12)

APP + LJH (n = 12)

APP + LJH + GJE (n = 12)

Positive-control (n = 12)

Body weight (g)

355 ± 18a

360 ± 25a

362 ± 19a

340 ± 19b

333 ± 18b

Body weight gain (g)

96.9 ± 7.7a

99.1 ± 9.4a

101.2 ± 7.3a

70.3 ± 7.3b

74.1 ± 7.9c

Peri-uterine fat (g)

11.2 ± 1.1a

8.9 ± 0.9b

9.2 ± 0.9b

6.6 ± 0.7c

6.1 ± 0.7c

Ratio of peri-uterine fat and body weight

0.032 ± 0.007a

0.025 ± 0.004b

0.025 ± 0.005b

0.019 ± 0.004c

0.018 ± 0.004c

Retroperitoneum fat (g)

13.3 ± 1.4a

12.2 ± 1.3a

13.0 ± 1.4a

8.7 ± 1.0b

8.2 ± 0.8b

Ratio of retroperitoneum fat and body weight

0.037 ± 0.008a

0.034 ± 0.005a

0.036 ± 0.007a

0.026 ± 0.005b

0.025 ± 0.005b

Uterine index

0.56 ± 0.06c

0.56 ± 0.06c

0.62 ± 0.07c

0.91 ± 0.09b

1.53 ± 0.14a

Overnight fasted leptin levels (ng/mL)

3.4 ± 0.6a

3.8 ± 0.6ab

3.9 ± 0.6ab

4.1 ± 0.6b

4.3 ± 0.7b

  1. Control, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet (OVX-CON) with 2 % dextrin; APP, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Artemisia princeps Pamp water extract; LJH, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Leonurus japonicas Houtt water extract; GJE, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Gardenia jasminoides Ellis water extract; positive-control, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 2 % dextrose. Values are means ± SD
  2. a,b,c Significantly different among all groups by Tukey test at p < 0.05