Fig. 3

EEDS enhanced TRAIL toxicity in A549 lung cancer cells. a TRAIL-refractory A549 cells were treated with a combination of EEDS (E, 5 μg/mL) and TRAIL (T, 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was determined based on membrane integrity as previously described. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. ***P <0.001. b Enhanced apoptotic cell death in A549 cells by co-treatment of EEDS (E, 5 μg/mL) and TRAIL (T, 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Whole cell lysates were prepared and subjected to western blot analysis using specific antibodies. The arrow indicates the cleaved forms of PARP. Asterisk indicates the specifically bound proteins of procaspase-3. β-actin was included as a loading control