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Table 2 Factors associated with the use of contraindicated herbal medicines in pregnancy

From: Safety classification of herbal medicines used in pregnancy in a multinational study

 

No use of CI herbals

Use of CI herbals

Total

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI)

 

N

%

N

%

  

Age (continuous)

     

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

Employment status

      

 Student

183

77.2

54

22.8

237

1.05 (0.87–1.25)

 Housewife

163

79.9

41

20.1

204

1.45 (1.18–1.79)

 HCP

209

80.7

50

19.3

259

1.07 (0.55–2.08)

 Job seeker

68

82.9

14

17.1

82

1.00 (0.39–2.58)

 None

81

79.4

21

20.6

102

1.02 (0.67–1.54)

 Employed other sector

1197

80.2

296

19.8

1493

Reference

Education level

 Primary

66

85.7

11

14.3

77

0.90 (0.43–1.85)

 High School

441

83.8

85

16.2

526

Reference

 University

1166

77.8

332

22.2

1498

1.97 (1.60–2.44)

 Other

230

82.7

48

17.3

278

1.18 (1.00–1.39)

Folic acid use before and/or during pregnancy

 Yes

1819

80.1

453

19.9

2272

Reference

 No

84

78.5

23

21.5

107

1.44 (1.14–1.82)

Alcohol use after awareness of pregnancy

 Yes

393

76.3

122

23.7

515

1.48 (1.20–1.80)

 Can’t remember

20

71.4

8

28.6

28

1.48 (0.82–2.66)

 No

1490

81.2

345

18.8

1835

Reference

Recommendation source

 Informal (family, internet, etc)

780

89.2

94

10.8

874

Reference

 Other

24

88.8

3

11.2

27

0.97 (0.29–3.26)

 Health care personnel

362

73.7

129

26.3

491

3.02 (2.65–3.57)

 Both Informal and health care personnel

435

76.2

136

24.8

571

2.56 (2.35–2.78)

  1. "Bold data" highlights statistically significant data