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Table 1 Total flavonoid content and individual flavonoid compounds from leaf, stem and rhizome extracts of  Z. zerumbet

From: Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth

Plant age (month-old)

Plant parts

Total flavonoids

Quercetin

Rutin

Kaempferol

Catechin

Luteolin

Myricetin

3

leaf

21.8 ± 3.74b

2.43 ± 0.69b

1.77 ± 0.26c

0.71 ± 0.09a

5.49 ± 0.45b

1.15 ± 0.14a

ND

 

stem

4.7 ± 0.68e

0.12 ± 0.05e

0.36 ± 0.07g

ND

1.14 ± 0.10h

ND

ND

 

rhizome

11.2 ± 1.26d

1.63 ± 0.41c

0.81 ± 0.09e

0.49 ± 0.04b

2.69 ± 0.29f

0.44 ± 0.03c

0.59 ± 0.03c

6

leaf

19.1 ± 2.69b

2.26 ± 0.52b

1.28 ± 0.32d

0.51 ± 0.04b

4.12 ± 0.21d

0.82 ± 0.06b

0.25 ± 0.02e

 

stem

4.2 ± 0.65e

0.16 ± 0.05e

0.21 ± 0.04h

ND

1.34 ± 0.11g

ND

ND

 

rhizome

19.6 ± 3.48b

2.49 ± 0.33b

2.19 ± 0.41b

0.68 ± 0.07a

4.68 ± 0.27c

0.76 ± 0.07b

0.97 ± 0.06b

9

leaf

15.2 ± 2.68c

1.82 ± 0.24c

0.66 ± 0.08f

0.50 ± 0.03b

3.37 ± 0.41e

0.45 ± 0.01c

0.33 ± 0.01d

 

stem

4.1 ± 0.66e

0.22 ± 0.06d

0.24 ± 0.07h

0.12 ± 0.01c

1.02 ± 0.06i

ND

0.11 ± 0.02f

 

rhizome

29.7 ± 4.11a

3.94 ± 0.81a

2.79 ± 0.48a

0.72 ± 0.05a

6.12 ± 0.32a

1.06 ± 0.11a

1.19 ± 0.11a

  1. Data are means of triplicate measurements ± standard deviation. Means not sharing a common single letter in each column for each measurement were significantly different at P ≤ 0.05. The units of total flavonoids and flavonoid compounds are mg quercetin equivalents/g DM and mg/g DM, respectively. ND: not detected