Rutin attenuates intestinal toxicity induced by Methotrexate linked with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects

Table 2 Effects of rutin on intestinal oxidative damage induced by methotrexate in rats

Groups	Treatment	TBARS (nM of MDA/mg of protein)	GSH (mg%, 1 × 10⁻⁴)	SOD (unit of SOD/mg of protein)	Catalase (nM at H₂O₂/min/mg of protein)	Protein carbonyl (nM/ml)
Group-I	Sham control (Normal saline, 3.0 ml/kg)	0.82 ± 0.18	30.63 ± 2.38	1.82 ± 0.035	1.19 ± 0.35	38.41 ± 1.61
Group-II	Toxic control (MTX, 2.5 mg/kg)	5.57 ± 0.12^a	117.17 ± 1.12^a	0.29 ± 0.035^a	0.45 ± 0.03^***	42.38 ± 0.35
Group-III	Rutin (50 mg/kg)	5.05 ± 0.47^***a	63.65 ± 1.20^***a	1.31 ± 0.023^***a	1.50 ± 0.54	16.36 ± 0.23^***a
Group-IV	Rutin + MTX (50 + 2.5 mg/kg)	4.49 ± 0.25^***a	89.48 ± 1.13^***a	1.58 ± 0.005^***a	0.40 ± 0.07^**	27.27 ± 0.91^*b
Group-V	Rutin (100 mg/kg)	2.87 ± 0.13^***a	48.76 ± 1.06^***a	1.55 ± 0.011^***a	0.78 ± 0.33	24.09 ± 0.46^**a
Group-VI	Rutin + MTX (100 + 2.5 mg/kg)	2.97 ± 0.21^***a	51.92 ± 1.70^***a	2.63 ± 0.046^***a	1.66 ± 0.48^*	31.52 ± 5.76

Each group contains six animals. Values are represented as mean ± SEM
Statistical significance compared to toxic control using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 were considered statistically significant
Statistical significance compared to sham control (Group-I) using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test
^c P < 0.05, ^b P < 0.01 and ^a P < 0.001 were considered statistically significant

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