Table 4 Factors associated with preference for and health improvement by traditional medical services

% Spending on health care

 Lowest (ref)

 Moderate

0.29

−0.02

0.59

 High

0.25

−0.02

0.51

Ethnics: Muong vs. Kinh

2.22*

1.05

4.72

Sex: female vs. male

2.27*

1.09

4.72

Education: Secondary school and above vs. below

0.29*

0.06

0.52

Distance to health station

 < 1 km (ref)

 1–2 km

−0.20

−0.49

0.10

 > 2 km

2.17*

1.10

4.29

−0.30*

−0.58

−0.01

Health problems: Yes vs. No

−0.23

−0.47

0.01

Knowledge on TM use

0.50

0.21

1.22

0.24*

0.10

0.37

Competency on TM use

2.44*

0.99

6.01

Perceived health improvement given TM use

1.65*

1.02

2.75

Services Satisfaction

— Overall satisfaction with general services quality at commune health station

0.68

0.41

1.12

— Overall satisfaction with traditional medical services quality

1.72*

1.10

2.67

— Consultation, explanation, and guidance on TM use by health workers

0.60

0.34

1.07

— Convenience in using traditional medicine package

1.81*

0.99

3.31

0.16*

0.02

0.30

— Convenience in combining traditional and western medicine

0.70

0.44

1.14

— Inter-professional collaborations at health stations

−0.15

−0.32

0.02

— Competence of TM doctors and health workers

0.11

−0.03

0.26

— Responsiveness of TM doctors and health workers

1.62*

1.01

2.68

Constant

1.98

0.92

3.04