Outcome | Younger group (13–18 years of age) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Instrument | Score Interpretation | Reference | |
Depression | Children’s Depression Rating Scale – Revised (CDRS –R) | ↑ score = ↑ depression | Poznanski E & Mokros H, [47] |
A raw score of 40 or more is indicative of depression. | |||
Self-Concept | Piers Harris 2 | ↑ score = improved self-concept | Piers E & Herzberg D, [48] |
T-score ranges: < 29 is very low; 30–39 is low; 40–44 is low average, 45–55 is average; >56 is above average | |||
Scores below 44 indicate low self-concept and 45–55 reflect average self-concept. | |||
Spiritual well being | Spiritual and Well-Being Scale (SWBS) | ↑ score = ↑ spiritual well-being | Paloutzian R & Ellison C, [49] |
Scores of 40 or lower indicate low overall spiritual well-being. | |||
Older group (19–24 years of age) | |||
Instrument | Score Interpretation | References | |
Depression | Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) | ↑ score = ↑ depression | Williams et al., [50] |
Lower scores indicate improvement. | |||
Scores of 12–19 indicate mild to moderate major depressive disorder. | |||
Self-Concept | 6-Factor Rating Scale (SFSCS) | ↑ score = improved self-concept | |
Spiritual well-being | SIBS – Spiritual Involvement and Belief Scale | ↑ score = ↑ spiritual well-being | Hatch et al., [53] |