Control water | OS-EL (mg/kg) 250 | 500 | 1000 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female rats | |||||
Sodium | mmol/L | 138.2 ± 0.96 | 139.5 ± 0.25 | 140.2 ± 0.8 | 139.5 ± 1.06 |
Potassium | mmol/L | 10.34 ± 0.52 | 5.9 ± 0.16* | 6.75 ± 0.74* | 7.55 ± 0.79 |
Chloride | mmol/L | 95.6 ± 1.02 | 99.25 ± 0.56 | 100.6 ± 0.67* | 100.75 ± 1.76* |
Urea | mmol/L | 9.14 ± 0.32 | 10.57 ± 0.48 | 10.06 ± 0.37 | 10.77 ± 0.40 |
Creatinine | mmol/L | 48.6 ± 3.94 | 34 ± 1.93 | 34.6 ± 4.81 | 35 ± 2.25 |
Uric Acid | mmol/L | 0.154 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.176 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.02 |
Calcium | mmol/L | 2.87 ± 0.04 | 2.91 ± 0.08 | 2.88 ± 0.05 | 2.86 ± 0.03 |
Corrected Calcium | mmol/L | 2.97 ± 0.02 | 3.03 ± 0.08 | 3.00 ± 0.05 | 2.98 ± 0.02 |
Phosphate | mmol/L | 3.05 ± 0.07 | 2.56 ± 0.16 | 3.56 ± 0.35 | 2.93 ± 0.12 |
Total Protein | g/L | 85.4 ± 1.20 | 81 ± 1.15 | 81 ± 1.87 | 79.75 ± 1.05 |
Albumin | g/L | 36 ± 0.83 | 34 ± 0.63 | 33.8 ± 2.31 | 33.75 ± 0.99 |
Globulin | g/L | 49.4 ± 0.4 | 47 ± 1.31 | 47.2 ± 2.81 | 46 ± 1.15 |
Albumin/ Globulin ratio | g/L | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.73 ± 0.03 |
Alkaline | U/L | 217.2 ± 33.77 | 183 ± 14.60 | 231.6 ± 36.04 | 264 ± 29.41 |
Total Bilirubin | umol/L | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
GGT | U/L | <3 | <3 | <3 | <3 |
AST | U/L | 398.4 ± 92.12 | 202 ± 29.52 | 256.6 ± 37.62 | 230.25 ± 48.13 |
ALT | U/L | 82.4 ± 9.04 | 63.5 ± 5.48 | 72.2 ± 7.76 | 62 ± 3.40 |
Glucose | mmol/L | 6.18 ± 0.27 | 5.87 ± 0.23 | 6.12 ± 1.41 | 7.15 ± 0.75 |
Total Cholesterol | mmol/L | 2.5 ± 0.33 | 2.25 ± 0.05 | 2.24 ± 0.14 | 2.5 ± 0.09 |
Male rats | |||||
Sodium | mmol/L | 139 ± 0.54 | 141.25 ± 0.92 | 138.2 ± 1.74 | 142.8 ± 1.01 |
Potassium | mmol/L | 6.06 ± 0.45 | 4.72 ± 0.30 | 6.5 ± 0.00 | 6.12 ± 0.05 |
Chloride | mmol/L | 101.75 ± 0.67 | 97.75 ± 0.42* | 101.2 ± 0.66 | 101.4 ± 0.6 |
Urea | mmol/L | 8.75 ± 0.43 | 7.27 ± 0.18 | 8.5 ± 0.29 | 9.66 ± 0.62 |
Creatinine | mmol/L | 34 ± 0.89 | 29.25 ± 2.64 | 46.6 ± 2.29* | 37.8 ± 2.70 |
Uric Acid | mmol/L | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.00 |
Calcium | mmol/L | 2.48 ± 0.06 | 2.92 ± 0.02* | 2.50 ± 0.06 | 2.57 ± 0.02 |
Corrected Calcium | mmol/L | 2.62 ± 0.06 | 3.10 ± 0.03* | 2.58 ± 0.07 | 2.68 ± 0.01 |
Phosphate | mmol/L | 2.93 ± 0.09 | 2.95 ± 0.10 | 3.30 ± 0.33 | 2.81 ± 0.14 |
Total Protein | g/L | 69.5 ± 0.85 | 75 ± 0.81 | 71.2 ± 0.96 | 71.6 ± 0.97 |
Albumin | g/L | 34 ± 0.83 | 30.75 ± 0.42* | 36 ± 0.54 | 34.6 ± 0.50 |
Globulin | g/L | 36 ± 0.36 | 44.25 ± 1.11* | 35.2 ± 0.58 | 37 ± 1.22 |
Albumin/ Globulin ratio | g/L | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.69 ± 0.02* | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.04 |
Alkaline | U/L | 200.6 ± 23.26 | 340.75 ± 4.41* | 175.6 ± 16.35 | 188.2 ± 12.03 |
Total Bilirubin | umol/L | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
GGT | U/L | <3 | <3 | <3 | <3 |
AST | U/L | 264.25 ± 47.71 | 167.5 ± 21.26 | 234.75 ± 34.91 | 225.6 ± 34.90 |
ALT | U/L | 83.4 ± 13.64 | 88.25 ± 9.53 | 102.25 ± 27.27 | 83.2 ± 17.14 |
Glucose | mmol/L | 3.86 ± 0.11 | 6.57 ± 0.27* | 3.7 ± 0.14 | 3.7 ± 0.36 |
Total Cholesterol | mmol/L | 1.56 ± 0.05 | 2.25 ± 0.11* | 1.8 ± 0.07 | 1.78 ± 0.07 |