Fig. 5

Identification of the relationship between MAPK activation and the anti-proliferative effects of FCY on AGS cells. a Cells were prepared after treatment with 500 μg/mL FCY for 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h, and then subjected to Western blot analyses to determine the levels of MAPK proteins, including ERK, p38, and JNK (or AKT) and their phosphorylated forms. b Investigation of the anti-proliferative effects of FCY for 48 h using the MAPK cascade inhibitors PD98059 (10 μM), SB203580 (5 μM), and SP600125 (10 μM), and the PI3K inhibitor LY294005 (10 μM). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The results show the means ± SD of three independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01 versus untreated control cells and ^##P < 0.01 versus cells treated with FCY only