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Table 6 Resistance modulating effect of the methanol leaves extract from Combretum molle at its sub-inhibitory concentrations on selected

From: Antibacterial and antibiotic resistance modifying activity of the extracts from allanblackia gabonensis, combretum molle and gladiolus quartinianus against Gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant phenotypes

Antibioticsa

Extract concentrations

MDR Bacteria used

% Modulating effectb

E. coli

E. aerogenes

K. pneumoniae

P. stuartii

P. aeruginosa

AG100

AG102

AG100Tet

CM64

EA289

EA298

K24

NEA16

PA124

AMP

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

MIC/2

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

0

MIC/4

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

-(NA)

0

CHL

0

8

32

64

256

128

64

64

64

64

 

MIC/2

8(1)

16 (2)

32(2)

256(1)

64(2)

8(8)

64(1)

16(4)

32(2)

66.65

MIC/4

8(1)

32(1)

64(1)

256(1)

64(2)

32(2)

64(1)

32(2)

32(2)

44.44

CIP

0

≤0.5

≤0.5

128

64

128

1

128

1

32

 

MIC/2

≤0.5(NA)

≤0.5

64(2)

64(1)

128(1)

1(1)

64(2)

1(1)

16(2)

33.33

MIC/4

≤0.5(NA)

≤0.5

64(2)

64(1)

128(1)

1(1)

64(2)

1(1)

16(2)

33.33

NFX

0

≤0.5

≤0.5

256

-

128

8

-

4

128

 

MIC/2

≤0.5(NA)

≤0.5

128(2)

64(>4)

128(1)

8(1)

-(NA)

4(1)

64(2)

33.33

MIC/4

≤0.5(NA)

≤0.5

256(1)

64(>4)

128(1)

8(1)

-(NA)

4(1)

64(2)

22.22

KAN

0

64

4

8

2

16

32

4

16

128

 

MIC/2

4(16)

4(1)

4(2)

≤0.5(>4)

2(8)

32(1)

2(2)

4(4)

64(2)

77.78

MIC/4

8(8)

4(1)

4(2)

1(2)

4(4)

32(1)

2(2)

8(2)

64(2)

77.78

STR

0

>64

-

-

4

16

32

4

32

64

 

MIC/2

>64(NA)

256 (≥2)

4(>64)

1(4)

4(4)

16(2)

1(4)

8(4)

32(2)

88.89

MIC/4

>64(NA)

-

128(>2)

2(2)

4(4)

32(1)

2(2)

16(2)

32(2)

66.67

ERY

0

32

64

-

-

64

16

128

16

128

 

MIC/2

8(4)

64(1)

256(>1)

-(NA)

64(1)

4(4)

128(1)

4(4)

64(2)

44.44

MIC/4

8(4)

64(1)

-(NA)

-(NA)

64(1)

16(1)

128(1)

8(2)

128(1)

22.22

TET

0

2

8

32

16

32

4

16

4

16

 

MIC/2

≤0.5(>4)

2(4)

8(4)

4(4)

8(4)

2(2)

8(2)

2(2)

4(4)

100

MIC/4

1(2)

8(1)

32(1)

8(2)

8(4)

2(2)

8(2)

2(2)

4(4)

77.78

  1. a: Antibiotics (TET: tetracycline, KAN: kanamycin, STR: streptomycin, ERY: erythromycin, CHL: chloramphenicol, NFX: norfloxacin, CIP: ciprofloxacin, AMP: ampicillin; - : MIC not detected at up to 256 μg/mL; (): Modulation factor or gain of activity; b: Percentage of Antibiotic’s modulation Activity by the Plant extracts; Indications in bold represent the modulation factor ≥ 2, antibiotics having a percentage of modulating effect greather than 50 %; NA: Not applicable