Treatment (Drug/Aqueous Extract) | Dose (mg/kg) | Increase in paw volumes [PV] (mL) and edema inhibition [EI] (%) over time (minutes) \( \left(\overline{\mathrm{x}}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{D},\kern0.5em \mathrm{n}=5\right) \) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | 0 | 60 |  | 120 |  | 180 |  | 240 |  |
 |  |  | PV | EI | PV | EI | PV | EI | PV | EI |
Normal Saline | - | 0 | 1.18 ± 0.08 | 0.0 | 1.28 ± 0.14 | 0.0 | 1.46 ± 0.13 | 0.0 | 1.56 ± 0.09 | 0.0 |
Indomethacin | 10 | 0 | 1.17 ± 0.04 | 1.3 | 1.08 ± 0.03* | 15.3 | 1.00 ± 0.10** | 31.5 | 0.88 ± 0.03** | 43.7 |
Mangifera indica bark | 100 | 0 | 1.07 ± 0.11 | 9.7 | 1.13 ± 0.09* | 11.4 | 1.19 ± 0.03* | 18.8 | 1.12 ± 0.01** | 28.3 |
200 | 0 | 1.15 ± 0.12 | 3.0 | 1.21 ± 0.02 | 5.5 | 1.32 ± 0.06* | 9.9 | 1.24 ± 0.10* | 20.6 | |
400 | 0 | 1.18 ± 0.05 | 0.4 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | 0.8 | 1.36 ± 0.03 | 6.8 | 1.26 ± 0.06* | 19.0 | |
Mangifera indica leaf | 100 | 0 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 11.9 | 1.01 ± 0.08* | 20.8 | 0.92 ± 0.08** | 37.3 | 0.93 ± 0.06** | 40.2 |
200 | 0 | 1.05 ± 0.03 | 11.4 | 1.11 ± 0.08* | 13.3 | 0.91 ± 0.14** | 37.7 | 0.95 ± 0.11** | 39.2 | |
400 | 0 | 1.05 ± 0.03 | 11.4 | 0.93 ± 0.03* | 27.5 | 0.89 ± 0.06** | 39.4 | 0.88 ± 0.08** | 43.4 | |
Psidium guajava leaf | 100 | 0 | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 11.9 | 1.12 ± 0.10* | 12.5 | 1.12 ± 0.06* | 23.6 | 1.21 ± 0.04* | 22.2 |
200 | 0 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 11.9 | 1.14 ± 0.11* | 11.0 | 1.13 ± 0.13* | 22.6 | 1.23 ± 0.13* | 21.2 | |
400 | 0 | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 8.5 | 1.17 ± 0.10* | 8.2 | 1.27 ± 0.15* | 13.0 | 1.28 ± 0.05* | 17.7 | |
Carica papaya leaf | 100 | 0 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | 17.8 | 1.04 ± 0.10* | 18.4 | 1.15 ± 0.09** | 21.2 | 1.10 ± 0.03** | 29.3 |
200 | 0 | 1.10 ± 0.09 | 6.8 | 1.12 ± 0.17* | 12.5 | 1.17 ± 0.13** | 19.9 | 1.11 ± 0.05** | 28.9 | |
400 | 0 | 1.11 ± 0.07 | 6.4 | 1.19 ± 0.05 | 6.7 | 1.36 ± 0.11 | 7.2 | 1.32 ± 0.09* | 15.1 | |
Cymbopogon citratus leaf | 100 | 0 | 1.08 ± 0.12 | 8.9 | 1.16 ± 0.04* | 9.4 | 1.24 ± 0.11* | 15.1 | 1.27 ± 0.03* | 18.3 |
200 | 0 | 1.12 ± 0.04 | 5.1 | 1.17 ± 0.08* | 8.2 | 1.20 ± 0.02* | 18.2 | 1.34 ± 0.04* | 13.8 | |
400 | 0 | 1.15 ± 0.04 | 3.0 | 1.24 ± 0.01 | 3.1 | 1.42 ± 0.06 | 3.1 | 1.48 ± 0.09 | 5.1 | |
Citrus sinensis leaf | 100 | 0 | 1.15 ± 0.12 | 2.5 | 1.22 ± 0.03 | 4.7 | 1.24 ± 0.05* | 15.1 | 1.27 ± 0.13* | 18.6 |
200 | 0 | 1.17 ± 0.03 | 1.3 | 1.19 ± 0.04 | 7.1 | 1.35 ± 0.20 | 7.5 | 1.46 ± 0.16 | 6.4 | |
400 | 0 | 1.17 ± 0.04 | 0.8 | 1.20 ± 0.03 | 6.3 | 1.45 ± 0.04 | 1.0 | 1.56 ± 0.13 | 0.0 | |
Ocimum gratissimum leaf | 100 | 0 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 10.6 | 1.14 ± 0.07* | 10.6 | 1.23 ± 0.04* | 16.1 | 1.22 ± 0.05* | 21.5 |
 | 200 | 0 | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 9.3 | 1.16 ± 0.08* | 9.4 | 1.23 ± 0.04* | 16.1 | 1.24 ± 0.02* | 20.3 |
 | 400 | 0 | 1.17 ± 0.03 | 1.3 | 1.26 ± 0.04 | 1.2 | 1.31 ± 0.12 | 10.3 | 1.33 ± 0.08 | 14.5 |