Fig. 2
Effects of LPE on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. a Total intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using the dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) method. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to LPE pretreatment for 6 h, and then labeled with 50 μM DCFDA for 30 min. Cells were then treated with 100 μM H2O2 and analyzed immediately using a fluorescent plate reader. Values are reported as means  ±  SE (n  =  8). **p  <  0.01, compared to vehicle without H2O2, ##p  <  0.01, compared to vehicle with H2O2b Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by confocal microscopy using JC-1 staining. Representative images showing red fluorescence (aggregated form) and green fluorescence (monomeric form). Cells were observed under 132× magnification. Scale bar  =  30 μm. c The graph shows the red/green fluorescence intensity ratio quantitative analysis. Values are reported as means  ±  SE (n  =  8). **p  <  0.01, compared to vehicle without H2O2, ##p  <  0.01, compared to vehicle with H2O2