Effect of lycopene against gastroesophageal reflux disease in experimental animals

Table 3 Effect of pantoprazole and lycopene on biochemical markers of oxidative stress in experimental animals

Group	Treatment	Glutathione (mg %)	Superoxide dismutase (unit of SOD/ mg of protein)	Catalase (nM of H ₂ O ₂ /min /mg of protein)	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (nM of MDA/mg of protein)	Protein carbonyl (nM/ml)
Group-I	Sham control (Normal saline,3 ml/kg, p.o)	4.71 ± 0.42^***	110.39 ± 66.13	4.45 ± 0.40^***	1.20 ± 0.06^***	48.18 ± 1.82^***
Group-II	Esophagitis control (Normal saline,3 ml/kg, p.o)	3.69 ± 0.10	64.21 ± 31.76	2.58 ± 0.71	5.17 ± 0.01	162.12 ± 1.74
Group-III	Lycopene (50 mg/kg, p.o)	4.78 ± 0.10^***	71.70 ± 17.90	4.05 ± 0.78^**	3.28 ± 0.07^***	129.39 ± 5.04^***
Group-IV	Lycopene (100 mg/kg,p.o)	4.02 ± 0.20^c	64.68 ± 15.09	4.10 ± 0.37^***	3.03 ± 0.03^***c	112.50 ± 3.00^***c
Group-V	Pantoprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o)	4.26 ± 0.05^**	67.89 ± 27.06	3.44 ± 0.38	2.84 ± 0.04^***	98.26 ± 3.07^***

Each group contains six animals. Values are represented as mean ± SD.
Statistical significance compared to toxic control using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (**P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001).
Statistical significance compared between lycopene (50 mg/kg) and lycopene (100 mg/kg) using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (^c P < 0.001).

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