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Table 3 The larvicidal potentiality (mean mortality ± standard error) of different concentrations of chloroform:methanol (1:1, v/v) extract of the green berries of S. villosum and a synthetic insecticide, Malathion, on first and fourth instars larvae of S. aegypti. For first instar larvae: t = 2.07NS, 3.14*, 7.56* (between 15 and 10 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours); t = 5.2*, 26.62*, 13.99* (between 15 and 5 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours). For fourth instar larvae: t = 2NS, 1.99NS, 0.91NS (between 15 and 10 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours); t = 1.73NS, 1.89NS, 1.82NS (between 15 and 5 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours). * denotes significant (p < 0.05); NS, not significant (p > 0.05). Table value = 2.92 at five degrees of freedom. M, mortality (%); SE, standard error.

From: Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum villosum berry extract against the dengue vector Stegomyia aegypti

Instars of mosquito larvae

Concentrations (ppm)

Period of exposure (hours)

  

24

48

72

First

15

60 ± 1.92

66.67 ± 5.67

70 ± 2.93

 

10

40 ± 5.57

43.33 ± 3.84

46.66 ± 3.84

 

5

40 ± 5.57

40 ± 5.67

53.33 ± 1.92

 

Malathion (5 ppm)

100 ± 0.00

100 ± 0.00

100 ± 0.00

Fourth

15

40 ± 1.92

43.33 ± 3.84

46.66 ± 5.57

 

10

33.33 ± 3.84

40 ± 1.92

43.33 ± 5.56

 

5

30 ± 5.57

33.33 ± 2.93

36.67 ± 2.84

 

Malathion (5 ppm)

100 ± 0.00

100 ± 0.00

100 ± 0.00