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Table 4 Average Quality Scores given in each of the 7 major criteria and the total and relative scores for each included article.

From: Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams - A systematic review

Author / Date

Study Subjects (Total 15)

Examiners (Total 10)

Reference Standard (Total 15)

Palpatory Test (Total 15)

Study Conditions (Total 15)

Data Analysis (Total 15)

Results (Total 15)

Total Mean Score

Relative Mean Score

Harvey, D / 1991

0

10

9

9

12

15

14.5

69.5

81.7

Moruzzi, S / 1993

0

10

12

15

15

15

15

82

96.5

Jensen, K / 1993

0

10

15

7

15

15

10

72

84.5

Sandmark, H / 1995

9.5

0

3.5

8

2

15

7.5

45.5

45.5

Kristiansson, P / 1996

8.5

0

9

11

2

15

10

55.5

55.5

  1. Total Mean Score = Average of total absolute score obtained by each study Relative Score = Total Mean score adjusted to 100% (to reflect "0" score given for subjects when mechanical models were used).