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Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of determinants of any traditional healthcare use amongst those dying of HIV/AIDS in the study population 1

From: Changing use of traditional healthcare amongst those dying of HIV related disease and TB in rural South Africa from 2003 – 2011: a retrospective cohort study

    

Bivariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Characteristics

Category

Total

N (%)

Odds ratio

95% CI (p value)

Odds ratio

95% CI (p value)

Gender

Female

1430

879 (61.47)

1 (ref)

   

Male

1403

828 (59.02)

0.90

0.77 - 1.05 (0.198)

  

Age at death (years)

18 - 49

1974

1194 (60.49)

1 (ref)

   

50 – 65

533

325 (60.98)

1.01

0.83 - 1.24 (0.903)

  

>65

326

188 (57.67)

0.88

0.69 - 1.12 (0.304)

  

Country of origin 2

Mozambique

936

602 (64.32)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

South Africa

1894

1104 (58.29)

0.77

0.65 - 0.91 (0.002)

0.72

0.60 - 0.87 (0.001)

Year of death

2003 - 2005

979

759 (77.53)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

2006 - 2008

1067

645 (60.45)

0.44

0.36 - 0.54 (<0.001)

0.50

0.40 - 0.61 (<0.001)

2009 - 2011

787

303 (38.50)

0.18

0.15 - 0.22 (<0.001)

0.23

0.18 - 0.29 (<0.001)

Residence status

Temporary

801

476 (59.43)

1 (ref)

   

Permanent

1949

1187 (60.90)

1.06

0.89 - 1.26 (0.529)

  

Individual education (years completed)

0 to 5

1165

744 (63.86)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

6 to 7

361

217 (60.11)

0.84

0.66 - 1.08 (0.178)

1.06

0.81 - 1.38 (0.669)

8 to 9

332

208 (62.65)

0.94

0.72 - 1.21 (0.62)

1.24

0.93 - 1.64 (0.138)

10 to 11

360

206 (57.22)

0.75

0.59 - 0.96 (0.024)

1.10

0.84 - 1.45 (0.482)

>11

486

262 (53.91)

0.67

0.54 - 0.84 (<0.001)

0.93

0.73 - 1.19 (0.572)

Household SEP quintile 3

1

602

376 (62.46)

1 (ref)

   

2

643

398 (61.90)

0.97

0.77 - 1.23 (0.815)

  

3

533

320 (60.04)

0.91

0.71 - 1.16 (0.452)

  

4

554

320 (57.76)

0.84

0.66 - 1.07 (0.152)

  

5

473

279 (58.99)

0.86

0.67 - 1.11 (0.262)

  

Road distance to nearest health centre or clinic (km)

0 - 1

907

538 (59.32)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

1 - 3

730

466 (63.84)

1.22

0.99 - 1.50 (0.058)

1.14

0.91 - 1.42 (0.253)

>3

1196

703 (58.78)

0.98

0.81 - 1.17 (0.787)

1.03

0.84 - 1.25 (0.795)

Illness duration (months)

0 to 1

419

164 (39.14)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

>1 to 2

401

193 (48.13)

1.43

1.07 - 1.91 (0.014)

1.31

0.97 - 1.77 (0.081)

>2 to 6

798

480 (60.15)

2.37

1.84 - 3.04 (<0.001)

2.16

1.66 - 2.80 (<0.001)

>6 to 24

847

620 (73.20)

4.24

3.28 - 5.49 (<0.001)

2.84

2.16 - 3.73 (<0.001)

>24

191

151 (79.06)

5.85

3.88 - 8.80 (<0.001)

2.79

1.81 - 4.32 (<0.001)

Prior Mortality rate in residence (deaths/1000 PYO)

0

1329

777 (58.47)

1 (ref)

 

1(ref)

 

>0 - 10

568

347 (61.09)

1.10

0.89 - 1.35 (0.374)

1.06

0.84 - 1.32 (0.634)

>10 - 20

478

305 (63.81)

1.27

1.02 - 1.59 (0.034)

1.13

0.89 - 1.44 (0.304)

 

>20

458

278 (60.70)

1.09

0.87 - 1.36 (0.472)

1.01

0.79 - 1.28 (0.956)

  1. 1The study population comprises adults (aged over 18) who died in the Agincourt sub-district between 2003 and 2011 for whom healthcare utilisation data was available.
  2. 2South Africa indicates those born in South Africa, Mozambique represents those who either inmigrated from Mozambique or were the children of fathers in-migrating from Mozambique.
  3. 3SEP (socioeconomic position) quintiles are a measure of the level of asset ownership in a household. Quintile 1 includes the households with the lowest levels of asset ownership and quintile 5 those with the highest levels.