Figure 5

Effect of (+)-α-pinene, (-)-linalool and (+)-limonene on tryptophan metabolism. Effect of the lavender oil constituents on the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in (A) unstimulated (white symbols) and (B) PHA-stimulated PBMC (black symbols), expressed as % of baseline (control cells treated with or without PHA). Results shown are the mean values ± SEM of three independent experiments run in duplicates (*P < 0.05, compared to baseline).