|  | Included prayer-for-health | Excluded prayer-for-health | Prayer-for-health only | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | All participants N = 546 | CAM users N = 386 | Non-CAM users N = 160 | X2 | CAM users N = 361 | Non-CAM users N = 185 | X2 | Users N = 159 | Non-users N = 387 | X2 |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | n (%) | Â | |
Age Mean ± SD 51.6 ± 9.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 30–39 | 58 (10.6) | 45 (11.7) | 13 (8.1) | 0.52 | 40 (11.1) | 18 (9.7) | 0.97 | 18 (11.3) | 40 (10.3) | 0.84 |
 40–49 | 155 (28.4) | 109 (28.2) | 46 (28.8) |  | 102 (28.3) | 53 (28.6) |  | 43 (27.0) | 112 (28.9) |  |
 50–59 | 235 (43.0) | 167 (43.3) | 68 (42.5) |  | 154 (42.7) | 81 (43.8) |  | 72 (45.3) | 163 (42.1) |  |
 60 and above | 98 (18.0) | 65 (16.8) | 33 (20.6) |  | 65 (18.0) | 33 (17.8) |  | 26 (16.4) | 72 (18.6) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Malay | 246 (45.1) | 179 (46.4) | 67 (41.9) | 0.47 | 164 (45.4) | 82 (44.3) | 0.18 | 98 (61.6) | 148 (38.2) | <.001** |
 Chinese | 207 (37.9) | 141 (36.5) | 66 (41.2) |  | 136 (37.7) | 71 (38.4) |  | 34 (21.4) | 173 (44.7) |  |
 Indian | 80 (14.7) | 54 (14.0) | 26 (16.2) |  | 49 (13.6) | 31 (16.8) |  | 24 (15.1) | 56 (14.5) |  |
 Others | 13 (2.4) | 12 (3.1) | 1 (0.6) |  | 12 (3.3) | 1 (0.5) |  | 3 (1.9) | 10 (2.6) |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primary/lower | 119 (21.8) | 68 (17.6) | 51 (31.9) | <.001** | 65 (18.0) | 54 (29.2) | <.001* | 27 (17.0) | 92 (23.8) | 0.19 |
 Secondary | 291 (53.3) | 203 (52.6) | 88 (55.0) |  | 188 (52.1) | 103 (55.7) |  | 88 (55.3) | 203 (52.5) |  |
 Tertiary | 136 (24.9) | 115 (29.8) | 21 (13.1) |  | 108 (29.9) | 28 (15.1) |  | 44 (27.7) | 92 (23.8) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Single | 60 (11.0) | 44 (11.4) | 16 (10.0) | 0.63 | 43 (11.9) | 17 (9.2) | 0.34 | 22 (13.8) | 38 (9.8) | 0.17 |
 Ever married | 486 (89.0) | 342 (88.6) | 144 (90.0) |  | 318 (88.1) | 168 (90.8) |  | 137 (86.2) | 349 (90.2) |  |
Household income/month | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ≤RM 3000(≈944 USD) | 393 (72.0) | 253 (65.5) | 140 (87.5) | <.001** | 239 (66.2) | 151 (83.2) | <.001* | 96 (60.4) | 297 (76.7) | <.001** |
 >RM 3000(≈944 USD) | 153 (28.0) | 133 (34.5) | 20 (12.5) |  | 122 (33.8) | 31 (16.8) |  | 63 (39.6) | 90 (23.3) |  |
Staging of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Early | 338 (61.9) | 228 (59.1) | 110 (68.8) | 0.03* | 212 (58.7) | 126 (68.1) | 0.03* | 82 (51.6) | 256 (66.1) | <.001** |
 Advanced | 208 (38.1) | 158 (40.9) | 50 (31.2) |  | 149 (41.3) | 59 (31.9) |  | 77 (48.4) | 131 (33.9) |  |
Menopausal status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pre menopause | 249 (45.6) | 184 (47.7) | 65 (40.6|) | 0.13 | 169 (46.8) | 80 (43.2) | 0.43 | 81 (50.9) | 168 (43.4) | 0.11 |
 Post menopause | 297 (54.4) | 202(52.3) | 95 (59.4) |  | 192 (53.2) | 105 (56.8) |  | 78 (49.1) | 219 (56.6) |  |
Chemotherapy regimen | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Docetaxel | 120 (22.0) | 91 (23.6) | 29 (18.1) | 0.16 | 86 (23.8) | 34 (18.4) | 0.15 | 37 (23.3) | 83 (21.4) | 0.64 |
 FEC/FAC/CMF/AC | 426 (78.0) | 295 (76.4) | 131 (81.9) |  | 275 (76.2) | 151 (81.6) |  | 122 (76.7) | 304 (78.6) |  |
Chemotherapy cycle | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 2, 3 and 4 | 368 (67.4) | 258 (66.8) | 110 (68.8) | 0.66 | 238 (65.9) | 130 (70.3) | 0.31 | 109 (68.6) | 259 (66.9) | 0.71 |
 5 and 6 | 178 (32.6) | 128 (33.2) | 50 (31.2) |  | 123 (34.1) | 55 (29.7) |  | 50 (31.4) | 128 (33.1) |  |
Chemotherapy adherence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Postponed | 45 (8.2) | 41 (10.6) | 4 (2.5) | <.001** | 39 (10.8) | 6 (3.2) | <.001** | 10 (6.3) | 35 (9.0) | 0.28 |
 On schedule | 501 (91.8) | 345 (89.4) | 156 (97.5) |  | 322 (89.2) | 179 (96.8) |  | 149 (93.7) | 352 (91.0) |  |