Table 1 Comprehensive list of specific terms tested in cognitive interviews
From: Cognitive interviews guide design of a new CAM patient expectations questionnaire
Broad category | Specific terms | Source for specific terms* |
|---|---|---|
1. Terms and Phrases Describing Expectations | Expect | Cambron; Cherkin/Sherman; Coeytaux; Evans; Foster; Haas; Hondras; Qualitative interviews of patients |
Personally expect | Cohen; Linde; Witt | |
Realistically expect | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Hope | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
hopeful | Foster | |
Think | Cohen; Lao | |
Feel | Borkovec and Nau (Used by Lewith, Wayne and P. White); Cohen | |
Believe | Hondras; Linde; Lao; Vas | |
Really think | Devilly and Borkovec used “really feel” | |
Successful | Borkovec and Nau; Cohen; Devilly and Borkovec; Haas; Kaptchuk; Hurwitz; Lamb | |
Helpful | Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras; Ritenbaugh | |
Think is likely to occur | Devilly and Borkovec; Expert reviewer | |
Confident | Borkovec and Nau (Used by Lewith, Wayne and P. White); Cambron; Cohen; Haas; Hurwitz; Kaptchuk; Lamb | |
2. Domains of Outcome Expectations | ||
Back Pain | Back condition | Cherkin/Sherman |
Back pain | Back pain [Cherkin/Sherman; Foster] | |
Low back pain [Evans; Hondras; Hurwitz; Williams; Witt] | ||
Back pain problems | Low back problems [Hondras] | |
Back Dysfunction and Global Effects | Limitations due to back pain | Devilly and Borkovec |
Impact of back pain on life | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Impact of Back Pain on Specific Areas of Life | Impact on work | Qualitative interviews of patients |
Impact on social and recreational activities | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Impact on daily activities | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Impact on relationships with family and friends | Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Mood, Energy | Mood | Moyer; Qualitative interviews of patients |
Energy | Cohen; Mao; Qualitative interviews of patients | |
Coping | Coping | Mao |
3. Timeframe | End of treatment period | Devilly and Borkovec |
Short-term outcome | Hondras (1 month from now) | |
Long-term outcome | Evans (3 months after) | |
One year from now | Cherkin/Sherman | |
1. Response Options | ||
Words | Agreement with item | Cohen; Mao; Moyer; Vas; White; |
Word descriptors for each gradation | Cohen; Cherkin/Sherman; Evans; Foster; Linde ART, Ritenbaugh; Witt; Mao; Lao | |
Numbers | 0 to 10 | Cambron; Coeytaux; Evans; Foster; Hondras |
1 to 9 | Devilly and Borkovec | |
Percentage | Devilly and Borkovec; Evans; | |
-5 to-5 | Expert reviewer | |
1 to 5 | Kaptchuk | |
2. Anchors | ||
Relative descriptors | Lower anchors: A little worse [study team]; Much worse [Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras]; Very unhelpful [Ritenbaugh]; Worst pain imaginable [Cambron] | |
Upper anchors: Better than it’s ever been [study team]; Extremely helpful [Evans; Ritenbaugh]; Extremely hopeful [Foster]; Very effective [Coeytaux] | ||
Absolute descriptors | Lower anchors: No pain [Cambron]; Not at all effective [Coeytaux]; No change/worse [study team]; Not at all helpful [Williams; Hondras]; Not at all hopeful [Foster]; No Improvement [Witt] | |
Upper anchors: Complete Relief [expert reviewers]; Completely Better [Foster]; Completely Gone [Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras]; Cure [Linde; Witt]; No pain, pain-free [Cognitive Interviews] |